The City Is The Nuclear Power Plant - 1960 Words

The day began like any other. A city full of life woke up to continue its normal routine. Early morning sunlight glinted off of surroundings along the horizon. Shiny cars crawled through the streets. Pedestrians exited their homes and walked along the sidewalks. Bright, luscious green trees and colorful gardens lined the streets. Children crossed the roads to get to their favorite playgrounds. Teenagers headed to the beaches that bordered a lake in the center of town. Massive concrete flats, serving as apartment buildings, created grids throughout the city. As usual, workers constructed new buildings for an ever growing community. A giant Ferris wheel, one of the city’s most iconic landmarks, towered over the fairgrounds in the distance. Statues stood in the many public squares that occupied space between buildings. One of the most noticeable features of the city is the nuclear power plant, centrally located near the middle of the metropolis. The town of Pripyat, Ukraine, home to almost fifty-thousand people, was developing into a model city. Little did the citizens know that their lives were about to change. In the case of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in 1986, the calamity came as a complete and utter shock to the people involved. Far too often, this is also the case for individuals involved in other disasters. Lives are built for the purpose of moving forward, and one unfortunate mishap can send them spiraling in the opposite direction. Problematic factors thatShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Nuclear Power1191 Words   |  5 Pagesthat can be produced by nuclear power. The past events have shown that nuclear power follows more of the necessities that other resources do not follow now. Despite monetary costs and increased health risks, nuclear power is becoming a stronger alternative energy source because there is need to reduce our footprint and a need for more baseload energy due to weak amounts of energy from wind and solar. Baseload energy is energy that is used by the general population to power homes, businesses, andRead MoreThe Dangers of Nuclear Power Plants Essay example989 Words   |  4 Pages Debates about the use of nuclear power plants in New York City have received much attention in the last few years. Many scientists believe that the use of Nuclear Power would be beneficial for New York City, since an abundant amount of electricity is necessary to fuel the Big Apple; however, one primary argument espoused by opponents is that the use of nuclear power will bring about negative effects like radiation exposure, debt and may allow the power plant to become a potential target for terroristRead MoreNuclear Power: for or Against?1115 Words   |  5 PagesNuclear Power: For or Against? With a growing population, our need for electricity is an essential for modern living. Though, as our fossil fuel resources continue to deplete and the emissions of greenhouse gasses continue to grow, we now face the ever growing problem of finding power sources that are both renewable and virtually clean. As of now, in the year 2027, the city of New York has a population of over 24 million people, and now all face the skyrocketing prices electricity. The mayor hasRead MoreAtomic And Nuclear Bomb : Atomic Bomb980 Words   |  4 Pages Atomic/Nuclear bomb The atomic bomb ended WWII when the United States dropped Fat Man and Little Boy on the japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This is what started the arms race known as the Cold War between the United States and Russia, the two major world superpowers left after WWII. The effects of the massive arms race between the two countries still to this day affect every citizen in the world due to the fact so many weapons of mass destruction were made some were even lost. AlongRead MoreEnergy efficiency is essential to provide citizens with functioning electricity and fuel. The700 Words   |  3 Pagesenergy I would use to fuel my city is hydroelectric because its pros and cons outweigh the pros and cons of solar, coal, wind, and nuclear energy. The most efficient energy source for my city is hydroelectric energy. Hydroelectric energy is the most efficient for many reasons. Hydroelectric energy’s power fuel is water, which does not give off harmful chemicals or waste in the air or water; keeping our planet very clean. Hydroelectric energy also has constant power. Its power is generated by moving waterRead MoreJapan Earthquake1537 Words   |  7 Pagesdisasters, such as a tsunami and nuclear leaks. II. Body: A. Earthquake B. Tsunami 1. The horrifying earthquake caused a tsunami unleashed; 2. Cities or towns are covered by the water. C. The Nuclear leak 1. Along with the destruction of the nuclear plants, the radiation has affected the whole global environmental system, and also caused a reaction of anti nuclear action around the world. 2. E.X, D. The nuclear leakage threat to other countries Read MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy1016 Words   |  5 Pages Nuclear energy is not the most talked about debate, but one of the most important because of the impact it has on the future of the earth. It has grown to be one of the leading sources of energy in Europe. The U.S. does not use nuclear energy as much, but are looking to add ore nuclear power plants. The way nuclear energy is formed is through a long process that starts by splitting an atom. The first people to do so were the German scientists, Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn. After their study alongRead MoreThe Future Industry in Energy: Dropping the Concept of Nuclear Energy1209 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Concept of Nuclear Energy At the start of the mid 1950’s, the world was introduced to a new, alternative source of power that would revolutionize the energy industry; this power became known as nuclear energy. Since that time, nuclear energy seemed to pave the way in efficiency and supply power to countless cities around the globe. However, the past has shown that there are many major disadvantages to using nuclear energy. Today, many individuals believe that nuclear power plants are hurtful toRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Facilities1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthat nuclear reactors â€Å"provided 2411 billion kWh, over 11% of the world s electricity†(Plans for Reactors). During that year, the International Energy Agency held special attention toward hazardous scenarios. Minus the conspiracy, â€Å"World Energy Outlook 2014 had a special focus on nuclear power, and extends the scope of scenarios to 2040† (Plans for Reactors). In 2030, it is noted that there will be sixty percent capaci ty growth among nuclear reactors. Countries with existing nuclear power plantRead MoreNuclear And Nuclear Science : An Innovation Of Modern Technology1252 Words   |  6 Pages Nuclear is an innovation of modern technology. Nuclear science comprise the natural sciences and technical sciences in the second half of the 20th century, it is embody the strength of a country in the world. Nuclear is burning to produce uranium, uranium was discovered by Martin Klaproth in 1789, who is a German chemist (World Nuclear Association, 2015, May). There are nine countries have nuclear technology in the world, which are China, the United States of America, Russia, the United Kingdom

Practice in Identifying Adjectives

This exercise will give you practice in recognizing adjectives--the part of speech that modifies (or qualifies the meaning of) nouns. To learn more about adjectives in English, see: Adding Adjectives and Adverbs to the Basic Sentence UnitPractice in Turning Adjectives Into AdverbsSentence Building with Adjectives and AdverbsSentence Combining With Adjectives and Adverbs Instructions The sentences in this exercise have been adapted from those in two paragraphs of E.L. Doctorows novel Worlds Fair (1985). (To read Doctorows original sentences, go to Ritual in Doctorows Worlds Fair.) See if you can identify all the adjectives in these 12 sentences. When youre done, compare your responses with the answers on page two. Grandmas room I regarded as a dark den of primitive rites and practices.She had two wobbly old candlesticks.Grandma lit the white candles and waved her hands over the flames.Grandma kept her room clean and tidy.She had a very impressive hope chest covered with a shawl and on her dresser a hairbrush and comb.There was a plain rocking chair under a lamp so she could read her prayer book.And on an end table beside the chair was a flat box packed with a medicinal leaf that was shredded like tobacco.This was the centerpiece of her most consistent and mysterious ritual.She removed the lid from this blue box and turned it on its back and used it to burn a pinch of the leaf.It made tiny pops and hisses as it burned.She turned her chair toward it and sat inhaling the thin wisps of smoke.The smell was pungent, as if from the underworld. Here are the answers to the  Exercise in Identifying Adjectives. Adjectives are in bold print. Grandmas room I regarded as a  dark  den of  primitive  rites and practices.She had  two wobbly old  candlesticks.Grandma lit the  white  candles and waved her hands over the flames.Grandma kept her room  clean  and  tidy.She had a very  impressive  hope chest covered with a  shawl  and on her dresser a hairbrush and comb.There was a  plain  rocking chair under a lamp so she could read her prayer book.And on an end table beside the chair was a  flat  box packed with a  medicinal  leaf that was shredded like tobacco.This was the centerpiece of her most  consistent  and  mysterious  ritual.She removed the lid from this  blue  box and turned it on its back and used it to burn a pinch of the leaf.It made  tiny  pops and hisses as it burned.She turned her chair toward it and sat inhaling the  thin  wisps of smoke.The smell was  pungent, as if from the underworld. See also:  Exercise in Identifying Adverbs

Gender Inequality Is A Grave Issue Throughout The History...

Gender inequality is a grave issue throughout the history of time. However, black women have gotten the shorter end of the stick, and Marita Bonner addresses this issue in her essay, â€Å"On Being Young – a Woman – and Colored.† Bonner believes that time will heal the disjunction between men and women, and more specifically the ignorance of black women’s presence in society. This essay proves that Bonner’s solution – allow time to heal – is pragmatic and history proves that it worked. Women in the 1920s are subjected to the authority of men, and the accessibility to activities that lead to freedom such as job, salary, owning property, are all restricted. Bonner states, â€Å"The one real thing that money buys. Time† (Bonner 109), as a solution to the problem that is faced by women. Women are restricted because they have pre-dispositioned roles as daughters, wives and mothers. Having a job helps women distance themselves from these pre-dispositions, however, they cannot be immediately seen as equals to men. She urges women to not sit at home and fill out the stereotypical role of a wife, because it will keep women stuck in this state, and is not a real solution. In order to make a difference, women must go out and earn something for themselves. When men were deployed during the World Wars, women got the chance to work and earn money. This also gave them the freedom to run the household and be the breadwinner while the men were away. As time went by and the w ars got over, men wereShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of Older Women1304 Words   |  6 Pagespoorest of all older unattached women in Canada and the group that should be the focus of public concern. In this paper I will discuss the key factors contributing to the poverty of older women in Canada, which are marital status, gender inequalities in the family, inequalities in the labour market, low rates of alimony support, and problems with the retirement income system. Marital Status And Economic Well-Being Older divorced and separated women have the highest poverty rates among all older unmarriedRead MoreFemale Stereotypes Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesFor most of history, anonymous was a woman, quotes Virginia Woolf. (1) Throughout history, women’s lives were restricted to domesticity and family, and they were left oppressed and without political voice. Over the decades the roles of women have dramatically changed from chattels belonging to their husbands to gaining independence. Women became famous activists, thinkers, writers, and artists, like Frida Kahlo who was an important figure for women’s independence. The price women paid in theirRead MoreThe Poverty Of Older Women1415 Words   |  6 Pagespoorest of all older unattached women in Canada and the group that should be the focus of public concern. In this paper I will discuss the key factors contributing to the poverty of older women in Canada, which are marital status, gender inequalities in the family, inequa lities in the labour market, low rates of alimony support, and problems with the retirement income system. Marital Status And Economic Well-Being According to McDonald Robb (2004), older divorced and separated women have the highestRead MoreThe Economic Status Of Older Women1326 Words   |  6 Pagespoorest of all older unattached women in Canada and the group that should be the focus of public concern. In this paper I will discuss the key factors contributing to the poverty of older women in Canada which are marital status, gender inequalities in the family, inequalities in the labour market, low rates of alimony support, and problems with the retirement income system. Marital Status And Economic Well-Being According to McDonald Robb (2004), older divorced and separated women have the highestRead MoreIs It Never Done Learning?1488 Words   |  6 Pagesthe basics of our history, so I was expecting a class that resembled what I had learned in my previous classes. But, this course was the exact opposite. My mind has been expanded and fixed with knowledge that seems too controversial to be taught. Once a great Roman author, Cicero, had said â€Å"To know nothing of what happened before you were born is to remain forever a child. And going back to this quote, I feel as though I was a child as I begun this history course. Throughout this entire courseRead MoreThe Fight For Women Suffrage1892 Words   |  8 Pagesvoice within the political realm. Women’s suffrage was not a matter of instant success; it endured a prolonged time to achieve. It was not until August 1920, about 14 decades subsequent after Abigail Adam’s words that the 19th amendment which had provided everyone the right to vote regardless of a person’s â€Å"sex†, had passed. Although the 19th amendment nationalized equal voting rights throughout the country in 1920, many states ratified this amendment in even later years. The lengthy period and longRead MoreThe Cadbury Case : Changing Nature Of Csr And Its Effect On Relationship Between Business And Society1453 Words   |  6 Pagessociety throughout history. In the first allegation, although the firm’s reputation was badly damaged, no action was taken. In modern time, under pressure from the media and civil society, Cadbury needs to adopt business e thics that go beyond economic responsibility and reach out for discretionary acts as certain duties and obligation in order to be a good ‘citizen’ of society. Defensive approach such as partnership with NGOs, governments to get rid of human rights and production issues is takenRead MoreLife Of The Elderly At A Nursing Home1086 Words   |  5 Pages Trent, Lydia, and and Brooklyn. Working as a Certified Nursing Assistant, making nine dollars and forty-nine cents. Separated from her husband Jeremy, Katrina now works day in and day out supporting herself, and her children. Spending most of her time taking care of the elderly at a nursing home. I personally didn’t have experience with poverty growing up. My family was not wealthy by any means, however we were well enough off that my family was taken care of. It wasn’t until I moved out ofRead MoreWomen s Suffrage : The Long Resisted Struggle Of Equal Right Voting1905 Words   |  8 PagesThe fight for women suffrage was a movement in which women, and some men included, pleaded for equal rights regarding voting and women’s voice within the political realm. Women’s suffrage was not a matter of instant success; it endured a prolonged time to achieve. It was not until August 1920, about 14 decades later after Abigail Adam’s words, that the 19th amendment which had provided everyone the right to vote regardless of a person’s â€Å"sex†, had passed. Although the 19th amendment nationalizedRead More Middle Eastern History Essays1190 Words   |  5 Pages2)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Absence of Clergy The absence of clergy within the Islamic faith is attributed to three causes.  §nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the early days of Islam, Muhammad would preach in the holy city of Mecca. During this time, Mecca was filled with Christians, Jews, and Pagans. The Christian and Jewish clergymen would mock Muhammad day and night; they discouraged and embarrassed him with hopes to break his will. Its safe to assume that from the start, Muhammad has a negative

The Ritual Of Marriage Essay - 1419 Words

Marriage is universal; in fact, all cultures have social or legal contracts that join two or more people in matrimony. The ritual of marriage is religious to some individuals, signifying a divine covenant with another, while to others marriage is a secular contract. This particular ritual has fluctuated between the two throughout generations and cultures. Historically, these matrimonial contracts solidified alliances and were frequently arranged by entire families or even nations. While these matrimonial alliances are still widely practiced throughout the world today, a majority of marriages in western countries espouse for other reasons. Whether Americans marry for procreation, wealth, or love, the rituals that dramatize the important themes in our modern society have evolved into a multibillion dollar industry. The economically fortunate often hire wedding planners to organize an extravagant ceremony, dinner, and party envious to all attendees. Alas, even those on tight budgets wil l spend well above their means for a beautiful and memorable night. While many couples dramatize the themes of love, family, and celebration, the ritual of matrimony has progressed into an increasingly elaborate affair. Contemporary brides show heightened desire to have perfection on their special day, desperately seeking the most beautiful dress, unique decorations, and an unparalleled ceremony and reception. This dramatizes modern themes in American society of competition, individuality, socialShow MoreRelatedThe Sacred Ritual Of Marriage1366 Words   |  6 PagesRituals can be described as an outward expression of inward intention (Rituals, Rites and Festivals, n.d.). Rituals have a prominent role in today’s society as they enable people of all religions to communicate and form a stronger connection with their God or Gods (Rituals, Rites and Festivals, n.d.). Over the years rituals have evolved because society’s values have changed and modern culture has had an inf luence on them. The sacred ritual of marriage in Catholic Christianity and Hinduism, whileRead MoreMarriage Rituals in India and United States1993 Words   |  8 Pages Marriage can be defined as the formal union of a man and a woman, typically recognized by law, by which they become husband and wife (Webster’s Dictionary). Although this definition of marriage is common in many different parts of the world, the way people decide who to marry varies greatly. The selection process used to decipher who to spend the rest of their life with is a daunting task and most people go about it differently. In the United States, love is what most people think is the majorRead MoreEssay about Marriage Rituals Hinduism and Muslim1169 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage is a significant social event in contemporary society. It is a means of building new bonds between two individuals and their subsequent families. The foundations of memorable weddings are built on those that bring often-distan t family and friends together for the occasion, while dressed in their most sophisticated attire, surrounded by elegant flowers, a night of dancing, captured through the lens of an exceptional photographer. Although Hinduism and Islam are two extremely distinctive religionsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Judgement Of Paris And Greek Marriage Ritual1922 Words   |  8 PagesHelen’s â€Å"Judgement of Paris† and Greek Marriage Ritual in Sappho 16, an article written by Eric Dodson-Robinson from Johns Hopkins University, explores how Homer’s writings and Greek marriage rituals feed into the meaning of Sappho’s sixteenth fragment. Primarily through exploring the parallel roles of the characters in Sappho’s fragment and Homeric tales, Dodson-Robinson begins to decipher what is beautiful in Sappho’s eyes. Exploring the subjective role of Helen in the poem, the author revealsRead MoreBlood Wedding By Federico Garcia Lorca1485 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1930s Spain, the ritual of marriage became highly controversial as the 1931 Constitution allowed for divorce to be legal. This caused debate between older and younger generations. The elders of society still had their beliefs deeply rooted in the views of the Catholic Church-, which did not allow for divorce. Nonetheless, the younger generation was more prone to giving into desire and therefore was more open to the idea. The play Blood Wedding by Federico Garcia Lorca insinuates the strong importanceRead MoreHindu Weddings1444 Words   |  6 Pagesspectacular photography and many other grand decorations are the foundation of a Hindu marriage. Hindu marriages, like most other cultural wedding ceremonies, are deeply concerned with their religious rituals and customs. Most ceremonies in the Hindu culture are family oriented with great emphasis on entertainment and inspiration. Also, off course, the amount of decorations and the extent to which the rituals are carried out dep ends greatly on the class of the families in society. Wealthier familiesRead MoreRites Of Passage, By Arnold Van Gennep1547 Words   |  7 PagesRites of passage are rituals or events which are universally conducted for a variety of cultural, religious and social reasons. Grounded in everyday life, ritual is symbolic and emotional providing a transition of knowledge, behaviour and status, as Audrey Richards’s wrote, ’the use of symbols in ritual secures some kind of emotional compromise which satisfies the majority of individuals who compose a society and which supports its major institutions’ . These rites of passage, rituals or life cycles canRead MoreEssay On Rites Of Passage1505 Words   |  7 PagesRites of Passage are â€Å"rituals that mark a person passage from one identity to the next† (Robins, Cummings and McGarry 2016, 61). Marriage is the 15th and most important rite of passage in a Hindu’s life (Holme and Bowker 1994, 72). This rite of passage is known as â€Å"vivaha† and the rituals conducted during the ceremony vary from each region in India. â€Å"Satpadi† translates to â€Å"Seven Steps† and is the final ritual of the â€Å"vivaha†. This occurs during the marriage ceremony of one s life where the brideRead MoreDefinition Of Marriage On The Church And Beyond Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesDEFINITION OF MARRIAGE Bibliographic Resource: Gary H. and Woolverton A. â€Å"Marriage Ministry by Design: Designing Effective Ministry to Marriages in the Church and Beyond† Bloomington: WestBow Press, (2012) 4. Annotation: Gary and Woolverton defined marriage as an agreement between one man and one woman that joins their lives legitimately, financially, inwardly, and physically. It can be characterized further as a social union between individuals that makes family relationship. HISTORY BibliographicRead MoreArgument Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage: Prep-Course for Sikh Faith Sikh marriage is not merely a physical and legal relationship but is a holy union between two souls where physically they appear as two individual bodies but in fact are united as one. However, with each new generation more South Asian children adopt modernized beliefs and choose a different style of getting married, as opposed to common marriage at the temple. The course would be a valuable resource to prepare couples for marriage and orient them toward

I had only come to America to make a small fortune †Creative Writing Free Essays

Today was not a good day for me. Not many days are. It started out a warm day. We will write a custom essay sample on I had only come to America to make a small fortune – Creative Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sun was shining and people where getting on with their lives, drive-bys, robbing banks and the normal nine to five jobs that where available. I don’t live in a particularly nice place, Harlem, but at the moment I could only afford to live there. I walked out of my small one bedroom, cramped flat onto the busy street and was on the way to the bus stop to get to work when two people came out of nowhere and attacked me. They stole my wallet and ran away. After about five minutes I limped up off the floor and continued my journey to work. After that it was a slow and painful walk but I eventually reached the bus stop. The bus arrived and I got on. I had to push my way to the back and had to stand up at the back of the bus because there wasn’t a free seat available. I glanced down at my watch and realised that I was already five minutes late for work. I had to try so hard to find a job and I didn’t want to loose this one and go back to living on the streets. Most people didn’t want to hire a black person to even clean the dishes at a restaurant. There was always the option of cleaning the streets but I had only come to America to make a small fortune then I would have gone back home. But now I realise that life doesn’t always turn out as you expected to. I worked in a small cafi. I didn’t make much there but I could live off it. I got off the bus in a rush and ran down the street as fast as my legs could carry me, ignoring the pain I was still in. The cafi I worked in was two blocks away from the bus stop so I was still quite far away from it. I finally reached it. It was a small white building, which, was really in need of a clean and a paint job. I ran in the back door and started to get changed. My boss was standing at the door and he looked quite angry. I slowly walked up to him and apologised for being late. All I could think about was what he was going to say to me. He had been the only person to give me a chance to work. I tried to apologise to him but he just told me to get my stuff and go home. I decided to walk back home. All I could think about was how back home in the morning you would wake up to the sound of the waves hitting the rocks and the smell of the salt from the sea. I thought about how friendly the people where there and missed the simplicity of life. I thought about the sun setting on the beach and listening to the sea slop around calmly over the gold and silver sand. How at night you can smell the fresh sea air intertwined with the smells of the foods that people had prepared earlier for themselves , carried with the smell of the pure reefer that you got there, not the chemical stuff that you get in Harlem , that’s sold on the street corners by the dealers. Then I thought about my home there. I wasn’t much but to me it was more than I have in Harlem. It was a little wooden hut. I continued to comfort myself as I solemnly walked back to my apartment. As I walked across a road a man stuck out his leg and tripped me over. I saw the man walk off and cars swerved around me trying not to run me over. I quickly got up and started to run home. I tried to avoid anyone I could see so that my journey back would be quicker. I knew that I was quite close to my apartment so I hurried even more. I finally arrived and as I walked up the stairs people where staring at me. I got inside and felt so depressed. It was the type of feeling when your goalkeeper gets sent off in the 18th minute of the champion’s league final. Now all I want to do is go back to Jamaica and see my family but I cant afford it so all I have left is my memories of the past. How to cite I had only come to America to make a small fortune – Creative Writing, Papers

Case Study on Flexibility and Work life Balance

Question: Case Study: Flexibility and work-life balance. Answer: Introduction Flexibility in work life is an important factor for the balance between the work life and personal life of a person. The concept of flexibility and the balance between the work life and personal life varies from person to person. The balance between the work life and personal life is influenced by the flexibility if the work life of a person (Higginson et al., 2014). Flexibility in work life includes various thongs. From the flexibility of duration of working hours to the number of working days, everything influences the work life balance of a person. Flexibility have been proved effective for the organisations as this help to reduce the cost for their employers and this in turn helps the employees to have ample to time to enjoy other activities. Flexibility also reduces the cost of travelling of the employees (Mowday et al., 2013). They can communicate with various other executives of their company over the conference instead of travelling down to their work place. This saves the time of the employee, as he does not have to travel to other places of the world (Ionescu, 2012). Flexibility is also beneficial for the company, as they do not have to provide their employees with travelling expenses. Flexibility at work place is required for the employees so that they do not become disillusioned, unproductive, resentful and unproductive. In this assignment, the importance of flexibility at work place will be explored. This would be done with the help of examples, which would give a clear idea about the effect of flexibility at workplace and its impact on the balance of work and personal life. Discussion Views of Juliet Bourke on the use of flexibility and its shift from original paradigm Solution Flexibility in any organisation is an important aspect for its development. Flexibility in an organisation must be something that is forced upon an individual. Flexibility provides various advantages to the organisations. This advantage helps their employees to perform better and it results in increase in productivity of the organisation. This also helps in using the resources of the company economically and thus, leads to increase in the profit margin. Most of the companies provide flexibilities to their employees, except few (Tomkos et al., 2014). This flexibility comes in terms of working hours, working days, types of jobs; i.e. part time jobs or full time jobs or leave without pay for a maximum time of twelve months. This flexibility leads to happiness among the employees and this becomes profitable for the company (Ng et al., 2012). The company allows their employees to work from home in case of emergency; they allow the employees to provide the company with the shifts they are comfortable. They allow the employees to have conference with other executives of the company. This helps the company to have more of their savings as they do not have to provide their employees with the travel expenses and food and lodging expenses (Higginson et al., 2014). This facility of flexibility is supposed to provide the work and personal life balance between both the personal and professional lives. With the development of technology, flexibility can be well accessed among the employees of any organisation (Tomkos et al., 2014). Flexibility in an organisation helps it to adapt itself to the changes within the organisations effectively. However, the companies are using their employees in the name of providing them with flexibility. According to Juliet Bourke, a partner at Aequus Partners is concerned about the negative impact of flexibility at work place. Juliet Bourke is correct in her views. This is because the organisations use their employees in the name of flexibility. The employees have to work extra hours in order to meet the production of the company. Sometimes, employees need to work overnight and they are expected to reach their office next day on time. The employees are said that they are flexible to choose their working hours and the working days (Kitchin, 2014). They choose the working hours according to their convenience. However, during their working hours, they are requested to handle important works and attended meetings, which might be beyond their working hours (Thomas et al., 2015). The employees give priority to those works and meetings and this extend their working hours beyond their scheduled time. This is the result of the effort to keep the employee turnover rate down so that the compan y can have a higher margin of profit. The employers take advantage of flexibility and they demand more work out of fewer people. Juliet Bourke is concerned whether the employees would push the flexibility in a nasty way due to the economic crisis. Sometimes, the organisations provide the jobs to their employees as a part time job or a low paid job in the name of flexibility (Kitchin, 2014). They offer the condition of flexibility to the employees when they hire them. The organisations offer their employees to pay on per hour basis and they say that the employees have the flexibility to work in the hours they are free. This offer seems to be an attractive offer for the employees and they agree to do the job. As a result, the company offers less salary than they should deserve. The company names this policy as a balance in work and personal life. However, they do not provide the appropriate salary to the person so that they could enjoy their personal life. Every organisations aim to reduce their cost and increase the margin of profit (Ionescu, 2012). This also leads to working of extra hours for the employees pr esent on the organisations. They have to do more work than that are assigned to them. This lead to tiredness and the employees could not produce the effective result for the company. Some employees, be it managers or clerks, work more than 48 hours at a stretch and they do not take holidays. It was found that around 20% of the employees work over 48 hours at a stretch and around 60% of the employees do not take holidays due to their work life (Thomas et al., 2015). Thus, according to Juliet Bourke, the work life and personal life balance is disrupted as the employees could not give the required time to their personal life and satisfy their personal needs. Thus, the use of flexibility had moved far away from its original paradigm and this is having a negative impact the work life and personal life balance of the employees at every stage. Implication of excessive working hours on the performance of employees and managers Solution Excessive working hours provide ample of time to the employees and managers to fulfil their targets and increase the productivity of the company. Most of the employees work for extra hours in order to achieve their targets and to get incentives (Gijzen et al., 2015). This increases the productivity of the company and the employees are paid extra for their work, but this have a negative effect on the employees and managers. Excessive working leads to increase in health problems. Woking extra hours after the scheduled time lead to disruption in the daily lifestyle of the person. This affects the health of the person. Excessive working hours leads to lower back injury when the job is related to lifting heavy objects manually. This also results to injuries in other parts of bodies along with muscular cramps. High blood pressure is another important effect that is caused by working for excess hours (Appelbaum, 2013). Working late night leads to deprive in sleep. This in turn increases the blood pressure of the person and leads to other complications. Health issues as if decrease in mental health is another affect of excessive working. Excessive working leads to less focus on personal life and recreational activities (Parmenter, 2015). This leads to a monotonousness in the person and mental tiredness. Increase in mental health issue leads to increase in the rate of total and lost workday. Excessive working l eads to mental fatigue and the employees or managers cannot give their best performance at their workplace. They remain lost throughout the day and this hampers the productivity of the person. Excessive working hours have heavy impact on the women. Working for long hours leads to lower birth weight or gestational age of women. This affect the child in the womb of the mother and thus, affecting the future generation. Another health issue that had been found with the excessive working hours is the increase in rate of consumption of alcohol in men. They consume alcohol in order to distress themselves and get over the mental fatigue. Consumption of alcohol results in various health issues which results in physical and emotional changes in their body. It is seen that increase in working hours results to increase in suicide rate (Pierce Aguinis, 2013). A study by Cornell University had revealed that an approximate number of 10% employees who work up to 50 to 60 hours every week have disruptions in their work life and personal life. They have higher degree of work-family conflicts. 30% of the employees and managers who work beyond 60 hours per week have higher rate of divorces a nd higher rate of suicides (Parmenter, 2015). Thus, working for excessive hours results to various health problems, which includes both physical and mental issues. Working for excess hours results to increase in risk in safety. Workers who work at hazardous places like nuclear plants are exposed to hazardous materials for a longer period thereby decreasing the safety of the worker. It also results to impaired performance of the workers and they tend to pay less attention to their work. It increases the risk of disasters as the workers turns careless on increase in workload and tiredness (Appelbaum, 2013). People who are into medical professions have the tendency to increase in errors in their professions. This leads to a dangerous situation as it involves patients who are already suffering from diseases. Increase in errors in medical facilities might result in death of the patient, which could be considered as a crime. There is also an increase in risk of accident rates if a person works more than 16 hours a day. In addition to these, excess working hours leads to fatigue. German study reveals that doctors who work more than 48 hours every week had the five times high risk of meeting an accident while driving or commuting (Kehoe Wright, 2013). In addition, working during nights or early morning increases the chance of accidents as the drivers become fatigue and they become less cautious and execute erratic driving patterns. Decrease in productivity is another important factor that shows up because of excessive working hours. Reports had suggested that the performances in white-collar jobs decrease as much as 35% when the person works beyond 60 hours every week (Mowday et al., 2013). This leads to decrease in productivity and even the process driven work suffers in there is a high rejection rate and increase in dissatisfaction among the customers. According to the research in two other studies it was seen that the hours of productivity drops by an additional 10 hours on increase in consecutive long work weeks from four to twelve. According to scientific literature it was seen that fatigue of employees, the increase in availability of time of work to complete the project results in less productivity of the employees. Increase in absenteeism is another factor that is the result of excessive working hours. This is due to poor health condition that results due to fatigue and workload. Absenteeism might sometimes result to replacement of the employees and they often work overtime which makes the problem self-perpetuating (Davenport, 2013). Morale problems also come up due to excessive overtime at work place. This can be manifested by low productivity, absenteeism, less turnover rate and issues of labour. It was seen that 31% of shift work companies who had high level of overtime had a low level of poor morale. 13% of companies who have normal overtime also resulted in poor morale (Kehoe Wright, 2013). This was reflected by increase in absenteeism and lesser of productivity. Another adverse affect of excessive working is the increase in turnover rate, which is the cause of imbalance in work life and personal life (Imran et al., 2014). This imbalance catches up some employees and they reduce their productivity. This is the cause of excessive working in order to make up the vacant positions when the demand is not met. Sometimes, the employees are not paid for working extra hours (Kitchin, 2014). This leads to frustration among the employees and managers and it affects the productivity of the company and the business in turn. Ways in which employees could facilitate their work life and personal life balance during an economic downturn Solution The work life balance is an attempt done by an individual to maintain the co-existence of work, family, career, health and other social and financial aspects. The work life balance, though aims to an individual, but the organisation where the individual is employed, plays an important role in work life balance (Robbins et al., 2013). The work force of an organisation is affected by the condition of economic downturn. The organisations enforce various policies and rules during the period of recession and economic downturn. These policies could be introduced to those employees who offer flexible timing and work environment. During the time of economic downturn, the working hours could be reduced and the employees and managers could spend more time with their families. This would refresh their mind and get over the fatigue. The employees should also keep in mind to perform their jobs at their work place as economic downturn results to decrease in number of employees from the company (Gi ddens, 2013). The company could provide their employees with relaxation in the timing at their work place, which would result in a proficient and efficient outcome from the employees and managers. The employees and mangers could get ample of time to spend with their family and they would also get to peruse their passions and interest (Gatrell et al., 2013). These recreational activities would result to refreshment among the employees and workers and they can work with a fresh mind and recover the company from their economic downturn. This would help the employees to get over of their mental fatigues and help them regain energy to perform better in their work. On another hand, the organisations choose to reduce the head count of their workforce during the time of economic downturn. This leads to increase in work pressure and working over time without any pay. This hampers the work life balance and has a negative impact on the family life. The employees and managers could prepare themselves mentally to work for extra hours and spent their free time with their families (Mowday et al., 2013). They have to perform time management so that the employees and managers could finish their work on time. The employees and managers must put on more effort to succeed in their work and finish it on time so that they can manage to have free time for their recreation. The employees and managers must also discuss their work pressure with their family members so that they can understand the situation of the employee or manager and co-operate with him during his time of crisis (Rubery Rafferty, 2013). The organisations must address this balance of work life and personal life with utmost care such that the human capital can be leveraged to the maximum level during the period of economic downturn. The organisations must also set up short term organisational policies in order to reframe their goals and achieve them with their limited recourses. The organisations must also consider the employments of their employees as a major concern during their economic downturn (Fullan, 2014). They can give an option to the employees of voluntary career change, retiring early voluntarily or non voluntarily taking up lower paid job or working overtime without any pay. This would at least help the employee not to have mental stress and it would help him overcome the difficult situation. This would in turn help the person to maintain the work life balance and he cope up with his crisis. The employee or manager could look for a second job in order to look after the family. They would also encourage that the other members of the family to take up jobs so that they could maintain their lifestyle (Mowday et al., 2013). Maintaining the healthy lifestyle would result in maintaining a better work life relationship, thereby reducing the mental stress of the employee or manager. This would also reduce the negativity of the family and it would help to increase the productivity (Ulrich, 2013). The employees must also handle their finances well during the time of crisis. The must invest their savings properly such that their family could overcome the crisis efficiently. It would help to maintain the work life balance for a person and this would also protect his family during the time of crisis. Conclusion It could be concluded that work life balance is an important part of everyones life. From the CEO, the managers, the employees and the clerks of any organisation needs to maintain the work life balance in order to have a healthy life and work efficiently. Increase in work pressure leads to disruption of the work life balance of an individual at every level of the organisation. The organisations must also frame their policies in such a way so that the employees at every level could maintain their work life balance. Excessive working hours induces stress on an individual. This hampers his health along with the performance at work place. This also imbalances the work life balances of an individual, which affects the productivity at work place. Thus, the organisations also play an important role to maintain the work life balance of an individual. The individual is also responsible to have a proper work life balance. He must ensure to finish his work on time and make time for himself and his family. The employee must also plan his finances well so that he and his family could survive through the hard times easily. References Appelbaum, E. (2013). The impact of new forms of work organization on workers. 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