Environmental Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Science - Essay Example ng energy saver bulbs at home instead of tube lights for most of the time; putting off microwave and television instead of putting them on standby mode; using water bottles that are reusable; purchasing a car that has more mileage on gas; composting my grass clippings instead of putting them in plastic bags and throwing them away; turning off extra lights at night and also during the day; and, reusing things like office papers and clothes. I have also decided to plant a tree somewhere, every year. This will help the environment go greener, making it sustainable. I want to adopt these things because I want to make my environment stable, and want to make the best use of natural resources. I want to do so because I have understood the importance of sustainable environment. Hence, my journal writing has invoked sustainable thinking within me, which is good not only for the environment, but also for me as a living

The Effects of Illegal Immigration Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Illegal Immigration Essay To many, the purpose of life is to make it as enjoyable as possible. This is the principle of immigration. For America, with its extremely high standard of living, immigration is quickly becoming a problem. Illegal immigration to America is causing internal conflict in many areas, but one of the hardest hit is the economy. The success of the United States is the sole reason for the mass immigration that it receives every year. The average immigrant is in search of a better lifestyle, one where he can work to support his family and earn enough to have feed his children. He hears of The American Dream and that America is the land of the free. So, he decides to come to this great country he hears about. Since opening our borders to anybody and everybody would cost us our national identity, we must limit the number of immigrants accepted each year. This leads to illegal immigration, because those who are not allowed or who do not want to go through the procedure of entering legally decide to come into our country anyway. This uninhibited movement causes great tension and stress to our nation foundation. The United States economy is the powerhouse of the world, but it is not as strong as it can be. One issue that greatly effects the strength of the economy is immigration. Many uninformed men and women of America believe the opposite, that illegal immigration strengthens the economy because immigrants often fill the lower wage job markets, ones that an average American would detest. But, this is the exact reason that illegal immigration hurts the economy, the low wages they earn. Illegal immigration acts as a subsidy to businesses that employ unskilled workers, holding down labor costs while taxpayers pick up the costs of providing services to a much larger low-income population. Like any subsidy, businesses who receive it want it to continue, but for the nation and economy as a whole, its a bad deal. Because immigrants typically earn far less than the average American, they are unable to pay for necessities, such as insurance and other health care related programs. This causes an unnecessary burden on the tax-paying citizens, who are forced to pay out billions of dollars to cover immigrant costs. According to the Immigration and Naturalization Service estimates, hospitals are writing off nearly two billion dollars per year in unpaid medical bills to treat illegal immigrants. Hospitals are required by federal law to care for anyone who walks through their doors. The costs of such care have forced several hospitals, especially those in border communities, to close their doors of scale back their service. This is to the great disadvantage of tax-paying citizens who live near these hospitals, who will be may be unable to receive adequate health care when they are in need of help. Hospitals though, are only a small piece of the economic puzzle. It is true that some illegal immigrants pay taxes, but the number is extremely low. The reason is in order to pay taxes, one must obtain a social security number. In the case of the illegal immigrant, this social security number must be a forgery. The time and effort to obtain such a fraudulent number is often enough to deter immigrants from paying taxes, regardless of how much want to contribute to the society that has been their salvation. Based on fiscal estimates developed by the National Academy of Sciences for immigrants by age and education at arrival, the lifetime net fiscal drain (all taxes paid minus all services used) for the average adult immigrant is a negative $55,200. Likewise, the same statistic for natural born citizens is a much higher, positive number. Obviously, legal immigrants and illegal immigrants are different. But contrary to popular belief, legal immigrants are also an economic burden, more so than illegal immigrants in some cases. According to US State Department figures for the year 2000, immigrants as a whole cost taxpayers over $61 billion. But, illegal immigrants only account for $31 billion compared to $35 billion for legal immigrants. This mammoth figure represents costs after immigrants tax contributions are factored in. In conclusion, illegal immigration to the United States poses a severe  barrier for the economy of the nation. Immigrants cost taxpayers billions of dollars every year, and effects dont stop as fiscal burdens. Hospitals have been shut down or forced to degrade health care service and schools have become overcrowded. The ideals of America draw the attention of foreigners in every country, but the number of immigrants to the United States has exceeded its practical limit of functionality. Reference Cozic, Charles P. Illegal Immigration: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1997 Beck, Roy. Sorting Through Humanitarian Clashes In Immigration. The Social Contract Fall 1997: Internet. 12 Dec. 1999. www.thesocialcontract.com/showarticle.pl?articleID=671terms=ethics Squyres, Suzanne, Cornelia Blair, and Margaret Mitchell. Immigration and Illegal Aliens Burden or Blessing? Wylie, TX: Information Plus, 1997

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chromium Complexes

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chromium Complexes Chromium is one of the transition metal in periodic table that is known for its ability in improving one’s health condition by preventing diseases and gives treatment. However in human body, only very small amounts of chromium are required and they are often regarded as the essential trace element in human body. Back in 1950s, the uses of chromium as nutritional and medical enhancement to glucose metabolism was started when brewer’s yeast was suggested to contain a glucose tolerance factor (GTF) that prevented diabetes in experimental animals. (Schwarz k, Mertz W, 1959). It was only then this factor finally taken into consideration to be a biologically active form of trivalent chromium that could substantially lower the plasma glucose levels in diabetic mice based on studied done by Tuman RW and Doisy RJ in 1977. According to Fernando Guerrero and Martha Rodriguez-Moran, 2005, trivalent chromium (Cr3+) is an essential trace element required for the maintenance of normal glucose and fat metabolism. Because chromium potentiates the action of insulin, it was named from its recognition in the late 1950s as the glucose tolerance factor term that emphasizes its importance in glucose metabolism. Chromium is present in many foods, especially in liver, Brewer’s yeast, American cheese, w heat germ, vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, broccoli, and spinach, and is also present in alfalfa, brown sugar, molasses, dried beans, nuts, seeds, mushrooms, and animal fats. An organically dynamic type of chromium takes part in glucose digestion system by improving the impacts of insulin. Insulin is produced by particular cells in the pancreas in light of increasing blood glucose levels, for example, after eating. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on the surface of cells, which actuates the receptors and invigorates glucose uptake by cells. Blood glucose levels are prevented from being elevated when insullin interact with insulin receptors whereby insulin will provides cells with glucose. Apart from affecting carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism, metabolism of fat and protein is also influnced by insulin. Impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes which is also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus may occur as the consequences of decrease response to insulin or decreased insulin sensitivity. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. The precise structure of the biologically active form of chromium is not known. Recent research suggests that a low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr) may enhance the response of the insulin receptor to insulin. The following is a proposed model for the effect of chromium on insulin action. First, the inactive form of the insulin receptor is converted to the active form by binding insulin. The binding of insulin by the insulin receptor stimulates the movement of chromium into the cell and results in binding of chromium to apoLMWCr, a form of the LMWCr that lacks chromium. Once it binds chromium, the LMWCr binds to the insulin receptor and enhances its tyrosine kinase activity. The ability of the LMWCr to activate the insulin receptor is dependent on its chromium content. The LMWCr may be released from the cell in order to terminate its effects when insulin levels drop due to normalization of blood glucose levels. More recent studies have indicated that chromium enhances insulin action by increasing the insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transporters to the cell membrane (Chen G, Liu P, Pattar GR, et al, 2006). Apart from type 2 diabetes, effects of chromium supplementation on gestational diabetes had also been examined. Gestational diabetes occurs in about 2% of pregnant women and usually appears in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Adverse effects on the developing fetus must be prevent by tightly control the blood glucose levels in the body. Glucose tolerance usually turns back to normal after delivery. However, according to study, 30% to 40% of women who have had gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes within 5 to 10 years. An observational study in pregnant women did not find serum chromium levels to be associated with measures of glucose tolerance or insulin resistance in late pregnancy, although serum chromium levels may not reflect tissue chromium levels. Women with gestational diabetes whose diets were supplemented with 4 mcg of chromium per kilogram of body weight daily as chromium picolinate for eight weeks had decreased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels com pared with those who took a placebo. However, insulin therapy rather than chromium picolinate was required to normalize severely elevated blood glucose levels. Trivalent compounds (Cr III) do not cause any serious damage to body tissue, in fact, it is an important component of a balanced human and animal diet and its deficiency is detrimental to the glucose and lipid metabolism in mammals. The limitation of chromium in its application in human health is that it may cause different side effect to different person. The controversy surrounding chromium supplementation is due to the variability of the results gain from the evaluation of the effect of chromium in patients with diabetes and without diabetes. Some of them experienced positive improvement but some are only indicate little or no benefit at all. Most of the concerns regarding the long-term safety of chromium supplementation arise from several studies in cell culture, suggesting chromium (III), especially in the form of chromium picolinate, may increase DNA damage. Several studies have demonstrated the safety of daily doses of up to 1,000 mcg of chromium for several months. However, t here have been a few isolated reports of serious adverse reactions to chromium picolinate. Kidney failure was reported five months after a six-week course of 600 mcg of chromium/day in the form of chromium picolinate, while kidney failure and impaired liver function were reported after the use of 1,200-2,400 mcg/day of chromium in the form of chromium picolinate over a period of four to five months. Individuals with pre-existing kidney or liver disease may be at increased risk of adverse effects and should limit supplemental chromium intake. In addition, the use of the supplements of chromium over a prolonged period of time may result in a risk of chromium poisoning. This is due to chromium’s nuclear affinity, tending to result in its accumulation within cells. High doses of chromium which is about 600-2400 ÃŽ ¼g will makes rare side effects may occur such as damage to the liver, kidney, and bone marrow as well as rhabdomyolysis and psychiatric disturbances in some cases. The y have also been related to chromosomal damage and increased incidence of cervical arch defects as they are capable of cleaving DNA. Similar complex coumpound with Chromium Chromium vs vandium and zinc Apart of chromium, other transition metal that is found to have ability to be used as anti diabetic agent is vanadium and zinc. More than 2 8% of world’s population is suffering from diabetes (Wild et al., 2004). It is a condition in which body do not produce a hormone called insulin which is necessary for the absorption of glucose in cells (Rother, 2007). Scientists are looking for alternative approaches for the treatment of diabetes (Nahas et al., 2009). The glucose level in the blood plasma is controlled by uses of vanadium and zinc in form of inorganic salts. Research shows that undesireable side effets often associated with the elements that are poorly absorbed in their organic forms and required high doses. Research has been conducted to prove that vanadium complexes with organic ligands to be less toxic with improved solubility and lipophilicity. Thera are a few number of vanadium complex which posses the insulin-mimetic properties that have been produced. The molecular mechanism responsible for the insulin-like effects of vanadium compounds have been shown to involve the activation of several key components of insulin-signaling pathways. It is interesting that the vanadium effect on these signaling systems is independent of insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, but it is associated with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate. Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes but do not show any significant effect on glucose metabolism in healthy individuals. Higher zinc intake has also been associated with a slightly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Besides chromium and vanadium, there is also a strong connection between zinc and insulin. In fact, people with diabetes frequently have lower levels of zinc than those without diabetes. One reason for this is that diabetics tend to have increased excretion of zinc. Additionally, high blood sugar levels create significant oxidative stress. The use of antioxidants has been shown to help improve oxidation, while also enhancing the body’s response to insulin. Unfortunately, the risk of cardiovascular disease among diabetics is more difficult to address. Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death among people with type 2 diabetes. This, of course, is due in large part to obesity, but also to risk factors such as high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, and an imbalanced ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol. Like chromium and vanadium, the body also can’t make zinc, so it must be taken from food sources. Zinc is stored in the muscles, blood cells, retina of the eye , skin, bone, kidney, liver, pancreas, and in men, prostate. Interestingly, zinc has long been an ingredient used in â€Å"older† insulins, such as Regular, NPH, and Lente. Zinc is also necessary for the formation of insulin in the pancreas’s beta cells. For these reasons, researchers have looked at the role of zinc supplementation in the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Research shows that zinc, an essential trace element responsible for over 300 enzyme functions, can aid in normalizing the negative effects of diabetes mellitus. According to the study, zinc has been shown to mitigate the harmful effects of diabetes by improving glycemic control in type I and type II diabetes. Many of the enzyme systems in which zinc is a necessity for are involved with the metabolism of blood sugar, and therefore make zinc a natural catalyst for insulin secretion. The pancreas is an endocrine gland responsible for producing hormones like glucagon, somatostatin, and insulin. The beta cells that secrete insulin in the pancreas are also highly stored with zinc. The beta cells will suffer without the high concentrations of zinc. Fortunately, beta cells are equipped with their own special transporter called zinc transporter 8, which makes it easy for the beta cells to store the zinc. However, it is known that any metamorphosis of the genes in the zinc transporter 8 causes type 2 diabetes. It is also now known that antibodies against the zinc transporter are present in type 1 diabetic patients, which means that these antibodies are associated with type 1 diabetes. It is no wonder why zinc is as popular as it is for supplementation. In addition to mending the difficulties brought on by diabetes, zinc also serves to maintain a healthy immune system, controls hair loss, halts impotence, improves brain function, prevents loss of taste or smell, and much more. References Guerrero-Romero, F.; Rodrà ­guez-Morà ¡n, M. (2005). Complementary Therapies for Diabetes: The Case for Chromium, Magnesium, and Antioxidants. Archives of Medical Research 36 (3): 250–257 Massey, P. (2013). Diabetes and the Role of Dietary Supplements. Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Diabetes. pp. 17–94. Schwarz K, Mertz W: Chromium (III) and the glucose tolerance factor. Arch Biochem Biophys 85: 292–295, 1959 Tuman RW, Doisy RJ: Metabolic effects of the glucose tolerance factor (GTF) in normal and genetically diabetic mice. Diabetes 26:820–826, 1977 Vincent JB. Elucidating a biological role for chromium at a molecular level. Acc Chem Res. 2000;33(7):503-510. Chen G, Liu P, Pattar GR, et al. Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. Mol Endocrinol. 2006;20(4):857-870. Pattar GR, Tackett L, Liu P, Elmendorf JS. Chromium picolinate positively influences the glucose transporter system via affecting cholesterol homeostasis in adipocytes cultured under hyperglycemic diabetic conditions. Mutat Res. 2006;610(1-2):93-100 Wang H, Kruszewski A, Brautigan DL. Cellular chromium enhances activation of insulin receptor kinase. Biochemistry. 2005;44(22):8167-8175.

Patriotism Essay -- essays research papers

The recent terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have caused confusion on the topic of patriotism. The best way to start understanding patriotism is to simply define it. Patriotism is a person’s level of loyalty toward their country. Displays of true patriotism are prominent in times of despair, such as wars and terrorist attacks. However, many people have discrepancies on what displays of patriotism really are. Some people believe that showing patriotism can be accomplished by waving the flag and singing the national anthem. Others believe that a person must be much more involved in a cause to show patriotism. It is true that waving a flag doesn’t accomplish much. Although this action displays good intentions, it can be done with little effort or thought. Patriotism is much more than waving the flag and singing the national anthem. Admittedly, waving the flag and singing the national anthem are not wrong things to do. These actions promote unity and raise moral. However, love for the country can be focused in ways that are much more productive. "Patriotism can no longer be defined by whether you think this is the greatest country in the world" (Gesford, 1). An act of patriotism must accomplish something. Making a personal sacrifice is an example. Donating money or joining the army would certainly benefit the country more than waving a flag. Furthermore, many people have failed to realize how blind their actions are. Patrick Henry's speech t...

Reservoir Dogs

Reservoir Dogs Postmodernism theory when related to films can be described when the audience’s delay of skepticism is shattered, in order to free the audience’s grasp of the director’s work. Small changes are made to create a significant meaning in the audience’s mind. The director has created a piece of art that removes the audience from the conventional and emotional bond to the subject, creating a new perspective.Postmodern films apply the usage of four concepts: simulation, reusing styles, typically drawing irony to the new style; pre-fabrication, drawing a closer attention to already existing scenes and using them in the films narrative or dialogue; intertextuality, using text that has already been used and finally bricolage, creating a film based on a collage of various other film styles and genres. Quentin Tarantino, the famous film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer and actor followed his passion from an early age. He did not watch m ovies as a child and adolescent, but he made the films a large part of his life.Tarantino, though he may deny his films to fall in the category of postmodernism, portrays various genres and styles from other movies, typically of his childhood very well. Tarantino draws upon the genres of martial arts, kung fu, grind-house, and spaghetti western films. Typically starting his films, Tarantino opens with â€Å"Our Feature Presentation† drawing immediate attention to the audience, transporting them in time to their days of childhood and adolescents. A director is an artist, Tarantino, though he recreated previous works of other artists, is one too.He adds his own twist to his films, in order to create a new, distinctive and pioneering film. Tarantino uses the concept of bricolage to fuse genres together in an original fantasy-like story with exaggerated confrontation scenes and violence. Reservoir Dogs, directed and written by Quentin Tarantino first premiered in October 1992. It is about a group of criminals who where hired for a job to retrieve diamonds from a jewelry store. Things do not go as planned during the heist and the gang thinks that there may be a police mole among the group. But who could it be? Mr. Pink, Mr. Orange, Mr.White, Mr. Brown, Mr. Blue, Mr. Blonde, Nice Guy Eddie, or even head gang leader, Joe Cabot? Strangers to one another, Joe (Lawrence Tierney) assigns each member a color code alias. The opening scene is in a diner with all gang members sitting around a table, eating breakfast, while Mr. Brown (Quentin Tarantino) explains his interpretation of Madonna’s song ‘Like a Virgin’. The men continue to discuss the importance and the meanings of popular songs, especially bringing up songs of the 1970s. Though this dialogue is rather unimportant, it shows Tarantino’s intricate eye to detail.It is ironic to see Tarantino the one explaining Madonna’s song, for it is his intention to set the stage for the au dience’s interpretation of the film. Mr. Brown explains Madonna’s sexual encounters, as she continues to remember the first time she lost her virginity and the pain she had to encounter. Tarantino intends for Reservoir Dogs to have many interpretations, and one may consider that the gang members have to be redeemed through pain and suffering. The styles that we can see throughout the film use exaggerated confrontations and violence.After the diner scene, the film continues with a â€Å"Men in Black† take of the gangsters walking towards the camera. Mr. White (Harvey Keitel) and Mr. Orange (Tim Roth) are now on pursuit away from the heist, as things did not go as planned as the cops showed up unexpectedly. Running on foot, they stop a car and the owner and driver shoots Mr. Orange in the abdomen. For the remainder of the film, Mr. Orange laid on the floor of the warehouse bleeding profusely in excruciating pain. The pain that Mr. Orange faced throughout the film is the interpretation that Tarantino had intended to compare to the suffering of Madonna.Mr. Orange (Roth) was the undercover mole that was ordered to bust the head of operation, Joe Cabot (Tierney). Aside for Tarantino’s significance of popular songs, he also used images inter-dispersed throughout the film; Silver Surfer comic and the Get Christie Love! TV show. These are a few examples of how Reservoir Dogs falls into the category of being a postmodern film through the usage of image and text, posing as in intricate part to media and society. Reservoir Dogs, a postmodern film, includes the usage of criminals falling; indicating a crime and gangster movie.It also uses the formula of a western movie. Though, usually in a traditional western there is one individual who upholds law and order, Tarantino put a spin on western genres when including the style throughout his films. Reservoir Dogs use of western is slightly different, instead of one individual; there is a group of me n who try to restore order that has spun out of control to arrange a logical explanation and conclusion of who the possible informant might be. Tarantino is specific about his films, he does not intend for them to represent real life, but rather mimic other movies.In Reservoir Dogs initial scene, the men are sitting in the diner, a very similar scene to Woody Allen’s film Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) when they are sitting in a restaurant. Woody’s film is considered to be a romantic comedy drama, where Tarantino, though not considering Woody when creating the scene, did not create a romantic comedy drama film, but rather a film that fell into the category of crime, mystery and thriller. Quentin Tarantino pulls from previous artists, not only text and images, but also styles, such as cinematography. In Reservoir Dogs, Tarantino uses extreme conflict and intense violent scenes.Aside from the acting, Tarantino creates a character, Mr. Pink (Steve Buscemi), who is constant ly reminding the team that he is acting professional, while everyone else is fighting and not thinking of the future affects of their actions. Mr. Pink aside from being a â€Å"better† criminal, draws upon the belief that if you are not wearing a uniform you therefore fall into the â€Å"real person† category. Tarantino, throughout all his films, Reservoir Dogs, Pulp Fiction (1996) and Kill Bill (2003; 2004) the assassins, criminals, and law enforcements are all distinguished by their uniforms.Those who are â€Å"real people† wear real, daily, regular clothing, nothing that is out of the ordinary. The gang members who work for Joe Cabot are all dressed in the classic black suits with white button down dress shirts and thin black ties. The cops are wearing the typical blue uniform. It is interesting to notice that Joe and his son, though apart of the gang operation do not wear the â€Å"uniform†. The majority of Reservoir Dogs takes place in the dingy ware house, where no gangster becomes a â€Å"real person†; they do not undress from their uniforms, therefore staying as a gangster.Though they do not succeed in becoming real people, they are redeemed of being a gangster through death, unlike Mr. Pink who runs out after they go on a â€Å"trigger happy frenzy† shooting one another. The idea of the members, including the cop that was taken hostage is a similar idea to William Shakespeare, who was considered an outstanding poet and playwright during the 16th century. Typically, at the end of the plays, Shakespeare would conclude that the characters all be killed. Tarantino, a rather outstanding director and writer, pulls from these great artists to create an even greater piece of work.Quentin Tarantino, considered a postmodern filmmaker, uses references to earlier films. He blends genres from A-Z. In Reservoir Dogs, he uses many references from the French new wave directors, who were highly influential to his Production Com pany as well as his work. Francois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard were influential; he named his production company â€Å"A Band Apart†. In Reservoir Dogs, Tarantino named the jewelry store â€Å"Karina’s† after Anna Karina, star from Bande apart (Band of Outsiders, 1964).Postmodernism is a concept that pulls from many genres, and it is Reservoir Dogs that Quentin Tarantino first begins his voyage as an up and coming director to use this style of creativity and expression. Today, we entertain ourselves with concerts, movie theater, broadways, radio, and television. It is these social medias that people like Quentin Tarantino create for our enjoyment. Pulling on our childhood memories, familiarity, comfort, and most importantly clues to other important images of our past, bring a deeper appreciation to the work and creativity that has been produced.

Supply and Demand †Good Life Property Management ECO 360, Economics for Business I

Supply and Demand – Good Life Property Management ECO 360, Economics for Business I Supply and Demand - good life Property management this paper examines the economic phenomenon of supply, demand and equilibrium. Using the fictional organization of GoodLife Property Management in the town of Atlantis, the paper will summarize how the supply and demand curve is used to determine the equilibrium in the market for the lease of two-bedroom apartments. In addition, the paper will determine the difference between movement along the shift of the demand and supply curves which includes the determination of how equilibrium is re-established after the curves shift. The purpose of this simulation is to understand how the apartment market is affected by supply and demand.Decisions regarding supply, demand and market equilibrium require careful consideration. Many factors affect supply and demand such as preference, expectations, income, and rental rates. In order to make informed decisions the Property Manager must continually monitor supply, demand and industry trends in order to remain competitive in today's high performance, highly competitive environment.XFIG-generated-supply-demandIn order to make these decisions the Property Manager of GoodLife Management will depend on his organizations experts, Susan Hearst, National Property Manager, and Hal Morgan, Regional Property Manager, to help make informed decisions when adjusting the monthly rental rates and quantities supplied of two-bedroom apartments.GoodLife, as the only company offering apartments in the Atlantis area, currently has a monopoly on the market and can set the rental rate at their discretion. First, Susan Hearst, National Property Manager, has recommended that the vacancy rate be brought down to about 15%. In addition she has requested that the Property Manager maximize revenue. Understanding that the higher prices may keep some renters away Hal Morgan, Regional Property Manager, has recommended that the rental rates be lowered. The demand curve for the apartments is an imaginary line a t a point in...

Free Essays on How Fredrick Douglass Got His Message Across

Fredrick Douglass was a writer who boldly wrote about the treatment of slaves while in captivity. his reading experience made him an influential person in the late 1800's. He spent two years of his childhood years living on the plantation; it was here he got his first impression of slavery. in his writing Fredrick Douglass describes how he witnessed bloody transaction. If a slave was convicted of any high misdemeanor, or unmanageable, or attempted to run away he was severley whipped, put on board the sloop, carried to Baltimore, and sold to Austin Wool Folks, or some other slave-trader, as a warning to the remaining slaves. He stated that the men and women slaves recieved eight pounds of pork, to its equivalent in fish and a bushel of corn meal. Their yearly clothing consisted of two coarse linen shirts, one pair of linen trouses, like shirts one jacket, one pair of shoes; jackets, nor trouses were given to them. Children of both sexes were almost naked might be seen almost at all season of the year. They had no beds to sleep in, only the men and women, children were exempted. they 're sleeping time was limited, when their work in the field was done they had to do their washing, mending and cooking and having to work with no resources at all. When they fell asleep married men and women all jammed together on the cold damp floor, covering themselves with their blankets. when daybreak the horn is sounded off for the slaves to report to the plantation, those who did not rise were wiped with large hickory stick and heavy cowskin. Fredrick Doiuglass further stated that he witnessed Mr. Severe a curel overseer, whip a woman causing blood to run half an hour at a time; in front of her crying children, pleading for their mother's release, this was curelty, he also blasphemy and cursed at them. Mr Hopkins who was different replaced Severe. He wiped the slaves but seems to take no place in it. The slaves called him a good overseer. He... Free Essays on How Fredrick Douglass Got His Message Across Free Essays on How Fredrick Douglass Got His Message Across Fredrick Douglass was a writer who boldly wrote about the treatment of slaves while in captivity. his reading experience made him an influential person in the late 1800's. He spent two years of his childhood years living on the plantation; it was here he got his first impression of slavery. in his writing Fredrick Douglass describes how he witnessed bloody transaction. If a slave was convicted of any high misdemeanor, or unmanageable, or attempted to run away he was severley whipped, put on board the sloop, carried to Baltimore, and sold to Austin Wool Folks, or some other slave-trader, as a warning to the remaining slaves. He stated that the men and women slaves recieved eight pounds of pork, to its equivalent in fish and a bushel of corn meal. Their yearly clothing consisted of two coarse linen shirts, one pair of linen trouses, like shirts one jacket, one pair of shoes; jackets, nor trouses were given to them. Children of both sexes were almost naked might be seen almost at all season of the year. They had no beds to sleep in, only the men and women, children were exempted. they 're sleeping time was limited, when their work in the field was done they had to do their washing, mending and cooking and having to work with no resources at all. When they fell asleep married men and women all jammed together on the cold damp floor, covering themselves with their blankets. when daybreak the horn is sounded off for the slaves to report to the plantation, those who did not rise were wiped with large hickory stick and heavy cowskin. Fredrick Doiuglass further stated that he witnessed Mr. Severe a curel overseer, whip a woman causing blood to run half an hour at a time; in front of her crying children, pleading for their mother's release, this was curelty, he also blasphemy and cursed at them. Mr Hopkins who was different replaced Severe. He wiped the slaves but seems to take no place in it. The slaves called him a good overseer. He...

Bioterrorism In America Essays

Bioterrorism In America Essays Bioterrorism In America Paper Bioterrorism In America Paper Bioterrorism is a word that gained much attention in the United States of America and other developed countries during the recent years. Even though biological weapons were tried by different countries during World War II, the potential of these weapons in causing a mass destruction silently have made them the preferred weapon for terrorist activities. These ‘weapons of mass destruction’ can produce devastating results as they are powerful enough to eradicate people from a whole nation. Intelligence reports reporting that extremist groups are planning to attack few developed countries, have made these countries go on red alert many times. These countries have understood the need for strengthening their public health mechanisms and disease control organizations like CDC, and other defense mechanisms to avert the occurrence of a bioterrorism event. There is no universally accepted definition for bioterrorism. WHO (World Health Organization) has defined bioterrorism as the use of biological agents in terrorism which includes the malevolent use of bacteria, toxins or viruses against people, plants and animals (WHO, 2007). The looming threat of bioterrorism started haunting United States of America since 1998 (No-authors-listed, 1999). The initial biological threats were due to the spread of anthrax powder containing letters. On October 30th 1998, three letters containing anthrax were sent to health clinics in Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana states. Similar reports of anthrax contaminated letters were obtained by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) till December 23 1998. There were similar threats telephonically received at the public health agencies saying that ventilation systems of a few buildings were contaminated with anthrax. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) started investigating these reports and threats and they found that these were all hoaxes. But later on, CDC surveillance team identified about 22 cases of anthrax in the same year, out of which majority of cases were from New Jersey, Florida, New York city and District of Columbia. Out of these, 12 cases were having cutaneous anthrax and 10 cases were having confirmed inhalational anthrax. Majority of these patients were US postal department personnel who contracted this disease when these anthrax containing letters were sent through high-speed sorting machines, handled or when opened (No-authors-listed, 2001). Later on, five of these inhalational anthrax patients died due to the disease. Centres for Disease Control (CDC) has classified Bioterrorism agents/diseases into three categories entitled Category A, B and C, based on the priority. The highest priority is given to diseases which can result in high mortality rates, cause public panic, needs special public health preparedness and are easily transmitted from one person to another. These diseases are classified as Category A diseases. Category B includes diseases that are moderately easy to disseminate, which can produce moderate levels of mortality and morbidity, and which require specific enhancements of CDC’s diagnostic capacity. Category C includes disease that can be genetically modified in future and used for bioterrorism activities due to the ease of production, availability, and the ability to cause high mortality and morbidity rates. The diseases according to the different categories are given in Table 1. Based on these categories, the preventive strategies, planning and preparation of health and other law enforcement agencies differ. Anthrax is an acute bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. The disease occurs when human beings come into contact with the spores of the bacteria. It can infect the human being through contact, inhalation, and ingestion or by insect bites. Anthrax is a zoonotic disease and human to human spread of anthrax is not reported. It can cause cutaneous anthrax (on direct contact with spores), inhalational anthrax (by inhaling the spores), gastrointestinal anthrax or oropharyngeal anthrax (after consumption of spore contaminated material). Cutaneous anthrax is manifested as a localized cutaneous lesion that progresses through papular, vesicular and pustular stages to form an ulcer with blackened necrotic eschar surrounded by brawny edema. Inhalational anthrax is characterized by the presence of increasing fever, dyspnea, stridor, hypoxia and hypotension, with a symmetric mediastinal widening seen radiologically due to hemorrhagic mediastinitis. The symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax are variable and include fever, nausea and vomiting, bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain and occasionally, rapidly developing ascitis. The major findings of oropharyngeal anthrax are fever, sore throat, dysphagia, painful regional lymphadenopathy and toxemia. The diagnosis of anthrax is confirmed by the identification of bacteria in body fluids and skin scrapings by staining methods, and by using polymerase chain reaction method to detect spores of B. anthracis. Anthrax is treated by using antibiotics like penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline or chloramphenicol. Botulism Botulism is a paralytic disease caused by the neurotoxins released by Clostridium botulinum, which begins with cranial nerve involvement and progresses caudally to involve extremities. Botulism is of different types. Cases can be classified as food-borne botulism (from pre-formed toxin in food contaminated with the bacteria), wound botulism (from wound infected with C. botulinum), and infant botulism (by ingestion of spores and production of botulinum toxin in the intestines). Botulinum toxin is considered as one of the deadliest toxins found in nature. It is proposed that terrorists may use botulinum toxin to contaminate food material extensively leading to mass mortality. The unsuspecting nature of this disease (being a naturally occurring problem), the lethality of the toxin and the ability for easy administration to a large population within a short span of time makes this agent a deadly weapon in the hands of terrorists. Plague Plague is an acute febrile zoonotic disease caused by infection with Yersinia pestis. Although human cases are curable, plague is one of the most virulent and potentially lethal infectious diseases ever known. It can infect human beings through insect bites, respiratory droplets from infected person, or from exposure to infected tissues. Plague occurs in different clinical forms like bubonic plague (characterized by regional lymphadenitis), septicemic plague (septicemia occurs), pneumonic plague (due to hematogenous spread to lungs) and pharyngeal plague (due to pharyngitis caused by infection from droplets). The deadly potential of plague to cause epidemics is well documented. In United States, the last outbreak of urban plague occurred in Los Angeles in 1924 and 1925. Plague is treated with antibiotics like gentamicin, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. Smallpox Even though WHO declared in 1980 that smallpox is eradicated after the last case of smallpox was reported in 1977 from Somalia, there is a possibility that this pox virus caused disease may be used by terrorists to cause panic among people. Human beings are the only reservoir of this disease. Smallpox is spread through close contact. The disease is characterized by the presence of high grade fever, macular rash, and progression to vesicular and pustular lesions. Even though the chances of reintroduction of this disease are low, if reintroduced, this disease may confuse healthcare providers with other similar respiratory infections where there will be high grade fever and rashes. The disease is diagnosed by the identification of antigens in serum and polymerase chain reaction test to detect the pox virus DNA. Tularemia Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. It is spread through the bites of a tick, or through inhalation. It can cause oropharyngeal or gastrointestinal tularemia, glandular tularemia, oculoglandular tularemia, pulmonary tularemia and typhoidal tularemia. Usual symptoms include high grade fever, chills, headache, generalized myalgias and arthralgias. The disease, if untreated can cause a mortality of up to 30%. But with appropriate treatment, the mortality is less than 1%. Can we stop Bioterrorism? This is a question which many of the developing countries would be looking at now. The answer to this question may be in the negative, at least for the time being. It is very difficult to stop the bioterrorism acts presently even with a well equipped intelligence network and well established state and public administration systems. It is very difficult to detect a bioterrorism act before it gets to show up by a substantial population being affected. The usual agents used by the extremists are usually not detected rapidly, and usually spreads rapidly among the population. From a single point of source, these diseases may silently spread across the nation without being evident due to the rapid migration of people from one place to another. There were suggestions that restricting the genome data would stop bioterrorism as this would make it difficult to modify the genetic data by genetic engineering to change the virulence and resistance properties of the organism, to make it more lethal. But an article published in 2002 shows that restricting the genome data would not prevent bioterrorism (Read Parkhill, 2002). In the present situation, the best measure that can be adopted is to take preventive measures by equipping health care providers, public health departments, State and public administration departments and law and order departments to handle a situation where a bioterrorism event occurs. There should be constant surveillance on the occurrence of suspect diseases to ensure that no bioterrorist activity exists behind the occurrence of the disease. Surveillance measures CDC advocates the adoption of surveillance measures to counteract bioterrorism. The surveillance measures are divided into measures that are specific for particular diseases and other general measures. Surveillance for specific diseases include the surveillance for anthrax and smallpox, which are commonly expected diseases in bioterrorism acts. Surveillance preventive measures for anthrax The most important measure is timely recognition and detection of the disease. Health care providers should be adequately trained in detecting this disease. The easiest way of detecting the occurrence of this disease is the development of autonomous detection systems that can detect the occurrence of a biologic agent like the spores of anthrax bacilli. Such an autonomous detection system has been installed in many of the postal distribution centers across the United States (Meehan et al. , 2004). This step would help in the timely identification of the existence of a bioterrorism event, which can help in management planning, rescue and evacuation, decontamination, quarantine, and treatment of individuals exposed to the disease. Public health officials are urged to take frequent samples of air and scrapings from the surfaces of buildings for detection of the existence of anthrax bacilli. These samples should be evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction technique for the detection of genetic material of B. anthracis. These devices are very expensive, but are very sensitive and specific in detecting the organism. Once established after validation, these systems would give rapid results which would buy more time in taking preventive measures to restrict the disease occurrence. Surveillance preventive measures for Smallpox (CDC, 2006b) Smallpox is currently nonexistent in this world. This makes it difficult to be detected by the laboratories during the routine tests. National laboratories should be enabled and alerted to do the appropriate tests in case of a suspected epidemic so as to detect the disease at the right time. The positive predictive values of the tests for smallpox are low. This makes clinical detection the most important measure in case identification. Health care providers should be trained in detecting smallpox case detection and guidelines should be established to detect and take preventive measures for restricting the spread of this disease. There is an algorithm provided by the CDC to evaluate patients with smallpox which is freely available in the net at www. bt. cdc. gov/agent/smallpox/diagnosis/evalposter. asp . In suspected patients, lab testing should be done to detect the existence of this disease. If the lab tests turn out to be positive, the occurrence should be reported to state/local public health authorities. Measures should be taken to isolate and quarantine the affected persons and their relatives to prevent further spread of the disease. Contact tracing should be done thoroughly and they should be vaccinated. The remaining people in that area should be given smallpox vaccination to enable immunity in them to overcome this attack. This should be followed by a well conducted epidemiological investigation to identify the source of infection. Identification of the most likely source of infection should be supported by the identification of the population at risk, and the chain of outbreak of the disease. General surveillance measures General surveillance measures should include the detection of disease patterns b y by the health care providers. An unusual pattern of disease outbreak should point fingers to the possibility of an intentional outbreak of the disease. The disease occurrence pattern should be studied in detail using epidemiological methods to identify the disease clusters, the impact of geographical and environmental factors on the spread of the disease and the temporal association of cases with the index case. This information should be collected from different centers and should be provided to CDC to evaluate the disease pattern and take necessary actions to curtail the spread of disease. Infection-control personnel should be aware of the disease occurrence and should be able to recognize the disease as early as possible to alert the health care system. State health care departments should take necessary steps to educate and train health care professionals and other related personnel in detecting and aborting a bioterrorism event. Preparation Planning Public health emergency response system should be established that can prepare the community in facing a bioterrorist attack. CDC, National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) and Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services (EEHS) have formed a public health emergency response guide to counteract a bioterrorist attack. These guides are used in educating and providing guidance to health care providers, for facing an attack (CDC, 2006a). Guidelines for protecting buildings and environments from bioterrorist attacks are also available with CDC. Bioterrorism readiness plan has been formulated to incorporate health departments and other administrative and law and order departments to take the required steps in preventing an attack, and in the event of an attack, to ensure that the casualties due to the disease attack are limited. Conclusion Bioterrorist attacks are predictable to a certain extent and are preventable to a certain level. But these events are not completely preventable at present. The best measure to do in case of an attack is to take preventive measures to avoid further occurrence and to limit the spread of the attack. These should be given utmost priority in the public health system. There should be a coordinated activity from various departments to ensure that the nation remains safe in case of a bioterrorist attack. Systems have been developed and put in place to counteract biological attacks. How far these systems are effective in preventing casualties will be shown only when these systems are put to the real test.

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 5

Strategic management - Essay Example f the most effective is with respect to performing a PESTEL analysis; weighing the unique threats and likely impacts of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, and Legal effects that the firm faces and could likely face in the future. Rather than laboring through a PESTEL analysis within the body of this strategic needs and future approach, the PESTEL analysis itself has been relegated to the appendix of this analysis; with only the responses to the way in which strategy can and should be formulated as a means of addressing the key weaknesses and opportunities that it denotes in the body of the analysis. Furthermore, whereas a PESTEL analysis is a perfect tool for measuring the external environment, a SWOT analysis has been engaged as a means of measuring the internal environment of ABB and delineating what Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats exist for it. Therefore, through an examination of both of these measurements and a discussion of their requisitve parts, it is the hope of this author that the reader will gain a more informed understanding not only with respect to the operational realities and strategy that the firm should engage but also with regards to appreciating the dynamics of what has led ABB to experience such a level of success up until this point in time. As such, defining these issues and promoting a further discussion and analysis of operations and strategic management will hopefully engage a more full and complete understanding of the key steps that could be engaged to seek to promote ABB to a level of renewed vigor and dynamic business strength within the coming years. Ultimately, with regards to strategic analysis, there are two unique approaches that can be taken. Firstly, and external environmental approach can help to be definitive with regards to the way in which the firm itself operates within the environment of competition and other definitive compliments of the outside world. As such, Porter’s Five Forces and

Explain the differences between a thesis statement and a hypothesis Essay

Explain the differences between a thesis statement and a hypothesis - Essay Example Hypothesis: this is a tentative but educated guess about how things work. It is constructed as, ‘’if this happens, then that will happen’’. Hypothesis must be something that can be tested (Bruce 2014). 1) Thesis statement actually shows, in a nutshell what the reader expects to find in the essay just before they begin reading it. On the other hand, a hypothesis is a theory that has been postulated and stands to be proved by the research in case it is true or false. Therefore, thesis statement is more definite and do not need to be proved, unlike a hypothesis which is just a postulation and must be proved by an experiment. 2) A thesis statement is a line within a paragraph which gives the reader a limelight of what the writer’s argument is, it is like a roadmap. On the other hand, a hypothesis is a statement which is listed and can be numbered. There can be many hypotheses about the research that can be tested by the research if they are true or false. 3) Through a thesis statement, the reader can get a glimpse of what the storyline or the essay is all about since it states what you need to find in the essay and sometimes, the side of the argument taken by the writer. On the other hand, hypothesis cannot be used to give a reader an idea about an essay since it does not always follow unless tested and

The rock'n'roll era and beyond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The rock'n'roll era and beyond - Essay Example The identity does not only include personal identity, but also regional, national, gender, ethnic and cultural identity. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to briefly present an overview of how music can reflect a generation identity. It will also analyze two artists from different decades and how the two musicians connect to listeners at specific stage of life and finally. Finally, the paper will discuss what music reveals about the changes and continuities in the perception of that age identity. In discussing the identity in music, we need to ask ourselves whether it is true that everyone has a musical identity. Few people say that they lack interests in music or liking of the music whatsoever. Most have strong liking of music and dislikes depending on the type of music. Taste for music have always been shown to related to age, music training level and some aspects of cognitive style and personality. Most people listen to music of different levels of engagements to regulate th eir moods in different contexts while they are also involved in other activities. It may seem reasonable that in analyzing the musical identities to look at all the concepts of the people. The broad patterns of musical preferences among people and also the transitory likes and dislikes form the integral part of our music identities (Jennings 1991). It is widely believed that the taste and preferences in listening form the most important part of most people. However, this may not be so among other people in the society. Furthermore, domain music importance varies very much in self-identities. This level of variation may depend on the level of involvement such as the musicians themselves or the solo performers. One of the factors that play a role in teenager’s generation identity is music. They identify with artists and different musical styles to reflect their individual identity as a generation. Over many generations, you will find many parents lamenting on the type of music their young ones listen. Over a period of a hundred years ago, it was jazz, followed by big band, rock n’ roll, then funk, electronic music, rap and finally hip hop. The parents mostly complain about the noise that the young stars listen to hence refusing to listen or understand â€Å"that music.† It is true that music can connect us with each other if we open to listen, understand and receive it. Therefore, in finding identity, people of different age groups do tend to prefer particular type of music. In the 1950s in its last half, as rock ‘n’ roll of the Americans began to assume its hegemony over the airwaves and the habits of the young people of buying records across the whole of the industrialized world, this popular new brand of music began to be primarily perceived as a phenomenon for the youth. This perception was reinforced in the 1960s by the development of the youth movement, which expressed itself self-consciously through distinctive forms of p op and rock music. Many believed that this conjunction resulted to the success of the rock music. It was primarily due to the young stars articulation of their sense of identity mostly based on the idea of age and generation. In the word of Frith (1978), the sociology of rock cannot be separated to the sociology of the youth. In the 1970s, the youth to music relationship differed significantly along a number of dimensions especially in social class, ethnicity and gender (Murdock et al

The bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The bridge - Essay Example Millennium Bridge was designed to carry large load and a degree of structure’s movement was expected and taken into account. However, after about 80Â  000 people crossed it on the opening day, some vibration was detected. The bridge began to sway sideways noticeably, and the movement became so strong that people could not walk steady any more; many had to cling to the sides of the bridge to maintain balance. The phenomenon of bridge sideways movement is not unique to the Millennium Bridge only. There were other structures, completely different from the given bridge that, to a various degree, suffered the same effect. However, those cases have not been widely publicized, thus the phenomenon, known as Synchronous Lateral Excitation, was not anticipated and has not been given enough attention by bridge engineers. When people walk they have a natural sway motion. This very motion causes small regular vibrations, which, as the result of chance correlation, generated slight lateral movement of the bridge. When that happened, pedestrians instinctively adjusted and synchronized their motion with bridge’s movement to counteract the effect and to walk more comfortably.

Pros of GMO Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Pros of GMO Foods - Essay Example pulation, massive 3rd world hunger, and with an estimation that a child dies for every two seconds world wide from starvation; this does not even take into account the number of people who are mal and undernourished, there is a great promise in the use of this technology to benefit not only the farmers, but also societies worldwide† (â€Å"Benefits of GM Food†). Even in the prosperous countries, the demand of food is more than the supply of natural food. This imparts a need to produce GMO foods. GMO foods’ bigger yields helps use the land more efficiently with less use of pesticides and herbicides. GMO foods’ flavor, nutritional value, and texture is better than that of their natural counterparts. GMO foods look larger in size and fuller in appearance and their colors are more vibrant and appealing to the eye compared to natural foods. The way a fruit or vegetable looks has a very important role in its usability in meals. People want to eat foods that look appealing and

Machivelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Machivelli - Essay Example In order to back up my ideal about the working schema of the essay by Machiavelli, there are some of the aspects that are being discussed here from the context of the essay (HistoryMuse.net). Machiavelli have noted that one should never intrude in one’s property because that may threaten the social security of an individual which may put him under the impression that he or she needs to be a rebel which affects the social environment. Those who appear greedy will always get a similar treatment in a society (YouSendit.com). The first issue that is taken under debate regarding the text is that Machiavelli has shown a rather greedy side of a prince where he would be concerned about each and every aspect of the materials that may enforce him with power. I believe that this is not just a fake statement by the author because it is true in all dimensions. The monarchs or the government head always try to get more power if they have access to. If the material that provides power belongs to one person that the prince (representation of monarchs or the government) will be inclined towards that individual to gain power for authority. Another issue which is merely regarding the attribute of a prince being fearful or loved is that Machiavelli suggested in his text that government needs to be sure of the fact of being loved or feared by its people. Some governments would like to be feared while other would be loved. As per the suggestion of Machiavelli, one should be able to feared and then loved. This is agreeable as the government needs to empower the people when they are given the right way. The cruelty has also been considered as an aspect of argument. It is in the manner as stated by the author; Clement should be the way of governing rather than being cruel. The author has justified this stance in the form of governments in the previous times which went unsuccessful to provide

The bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The bridge - Essay Example Millennium Bridge was designed to carry large load and a degree of structure’s movement was expected and taken into account. However, after about 80Â  000 people crossed it on the opening day, some vibration was detected. The bridge began to sway sideways noticeably, and the movement became so strong that people could not walk steady any more; many had to cling to the sides of the bridge to maintain balance. The phenomenon of bridge sideways movement is not unique to the Millennium Bridge only. There were other structures, completely different from the given bridge that, to a various degree, suffered the same effect. However, those cases have not been widely publicized, thus the phenomenon, known as Synchronous Lateral Excitation, was not anticipated and has not been given enough attention by bridge engineers. When people walk they have a natural sway motion. This very motion causes small regular vibrations, which, as the result of chance correlation, generated slight lateral movement of the bridge. When that happened, pedestrians instinctively adjusted and synchronized their motion with bridge’s movement to counteract the effect and to walk more comfortably.

Machivelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Machivelli - Essay Example In order to back up my ideal about the working schema of the essay by Machiavelli, there are some of the aspects that are being discussed here from the context of the essay (HistoryMuse.net). Machiavelli have noted that one should never intrude in one’s property because that may threaten the social security of an individual which may put him under the impression that he or she needs to be a rebel which affects the social environment. Those who appear greedy will always get a similar treatment in a society (YouSendit.com). The first issue that is taken under debate regarding the text is that Machiavelli has shown a rather greedy side of a prince where he would be concerned about each and every aspect of the materials that may enforce him with power. I believe that this is not just a fake statement by the author because it is true in all dimensions. The monarchs or the government head always try to get more power if they have access to. If the material that provides power belongs to one person that the prince (representation of monarchs or the government) will be inclined towards that individual to gain power for authority. Another issue which is merely regarding the attribute of a prince being fearful or loved is that Machiavelli suggested in his text that government needs to be sure of the fact of being loved or feared by its people. Some governments would like to be feared while other would be loved. As per the suggestion of Machiavelli, one should be able to feared and then loved. This is agreeable as the government needs to empower the people when they are given the right way. The cruelty has also been considered as an aspect of argument. It is in the manner as stated by the author; Clement should be the way of governing rather than being cruel. The author has justified this stance in the form of governments in the previous times which went unsuccessful to provide

Computers Science Essay Example for Free

Computers Science Essay Living just for existence has never been the objectives of my life.I have always looked forward to get the best out of my life. As a student of Bachelor of Technology in E.I.E(ElectronicsInstrumentation Engineering), I look to graduate study to widen my ken, which would facilitate in fulfilling my ambition of doing Master’s program in Computer Science Engineering. Technology and its myriad aspects fascinate me! Specifically the Computers stream that pervades all areas of business in today’s world. I have been interested in problem solving from a very young age, especially problems related to mathematics. Now that I have completed my bachelor’s degree, and working as a programming developer in Cloud computing Technology for 13 months,has made me to so fascinated for technology and moved my steps towards learning software languages.i feel pursuing masters in Computers would give me an ample scope in fullfilling my dreams as a good developer and have a research project in cloud computing. Deep in my heart, I feel this inordinate urge to do whatever possible within my reach for the less fortunate would take me forward in achieving my goals. Integrity, both in thought and action has meant everything to me. My strong set of value has helped me grow into a responsible citizen with a keen sense of duty. It has also furthered my thirst for newer horizon. This course is one of them. It’s a pathway to newer grounds, pivotal to both my professional and personal agenda. My objective for a masters degree is to get involved in such a course which could help me in achieving my ultimate goal. I believe that a career in such a field in an intellectually stimulating academic environment will offer me an excellent way to contribute my bit to the life long process of development and dissemination of knowledge. I am fully aware of the kind of dedication and hard work needed, and I am confident of meeting the challenges. Interactions with your theoretical technical expertise of the faculty and the environment in the University will add to my vision. Understanding this quest needs considerable persistence an infinite capacity to learn. And if at all I can assure you of anything, it is my desire to learn, evinced by the fact, that I have always tried learning, whenever an opportunity presented itself at all points of my life Why Computers Science? I was thoroughly fascinated by the Computers and technology from my teenage days I always thought that computers was my career option as I was greatly influenced by my brother who is a successful person in this field .But for my undergraduate course I opted for the electronics and instrumentation due to the recession at that time because of which the future in computers was unclear. It was easy for me to go for electronics as it has been my subject of interest next to computers. I was introduced to the subjects C, Computer Organisation,Micro Processor Micro Apllications, Java .Especially java in my 4th year of Btech and I started liking the subject instantly because during whole of my life I was amused with the OOPS concepts and its real time implementation in many domains,mobile applications. I wish to join the bandwagon in this field of study and would like to contribute something to it. It was only during my under graduate course that I discovered this to be an apt field of study that suited me and my passion for it grew much stronger and I felt reaching distances in this field is my destiny. so ,I have made ground myself and got successfully placed in multinational company(TCS). This is the place where i found myself and started developing penchant for programming and decided it as my career for future.As,I had my training in java and later my first project was on Cloud Computing technology,Salesforce( CRM tool) as a developer which has OOPS concepts with apex language as its programming core.My project was on insurance domain.I really felt that this is good opportunity to learn things and grabbed every opportunity to learn the concepts. As it was enterperneur tool , i had a good scope for analysing requirements and work accordingly to complete goals assigned to me on time . I had also pursued DEV 401 certification in Salesforce.This 13 months of job experience has made me to decide that programming would be my passion and decided have concrete skills in programming and decided to pursue masters in computer science. A thorough browsing through the web pages of your university helped me discover that your university is an ensemble of excellent faculty and innovative research facilities. An environment replete with extensive academic activity and a Master’s program at the cutting edge of every other sub-field further enticed me and motivated me to choose your university. I strongly feel that Masters in Computer Science Engineering Program from your University is a highly structured program because it provides the right balance between theory and practice.A premier seat of knowledge and information derived from the cream of intelligentsia coupled with excellent infrastructure is where I would get ample oppurtunities to apply knowledge and excel my programming skills to be a technical gem. I write to you with the earnest that my background and qualifications will be found suitable for admission to this prestigious program,Masters in Computer Science Engineering from your University. An assistantship besides providing financial support would give me an invaluable research/ teaching experience. I am keen to be a part of the student community at your esteemed university with suitable financial assistance. I am very much obliged to you for providing me with this opportunity to express myself.

Adam And Eve The Duality Of Humanity Religion Essay

Adam And Eve The Duality Of Humanity Religion Essay Paradise Losts Adam is a rational, clever and trustworthy character who has an amazing rapport with the highest power, God. It can even be argued that before he fell, his was the epitome of humanity, as perfect a human as ever existed. He shares this trait with Eve who is the most perfect and complete woman. This view has been reciprocated by many religious denominations but each has interpreted it in their own unique ways; from Calvinists to puritans to Milton each has interpreted the story of Genesis in their own unique way. Like Adam who was perfect, to the belief that eve was flawed, each has built their own mythos around the story of the genesis of mankind. The Adam represented in Miltons Paradise Lost is an exceedingly rational being, and can understand greatly sophisticated and complex ideas nearly instantaneously. However this perfection hides several deep and critical flaws present within his character. His character and insight is demonstrated when after observing Raphaels descent into Eden, Adam orders eve to, go with speed, / And what thy stores contain, bring forth and pour / Abundance, fit to honor and receive / Our Heavnly stranger (V, 313-316). To which Eve answers, Adam, earths hallowed mould, / Of God inspird, small store will serve, where store, / All seasons, ripe for use hangs on the stalk (V, 321-323). These word which at first seem stiff and of an overly formal method, nonetheless helps reveal the relationship of Adam and Eve. Adam is in charge, but his request for Eve to prepare a meal is not in any way dismissive. She understands that and her response, is in accord with that message. This transitory conversation is n ot that of a master and servant but of two people who hold themselves in equal regard. His relationship with Eve is not the only conversation between equals, as he also talks with Raphael as an equal. He converses with the archangel Raphael as an equal both, socially in his standing, and intellectually in his ability to clearly understand the meanings behind the Raphaels words. However this ends after Adams fall from the grace of god. After his fall Adam loses his pure intellect and his rationality leading him to brash and increasingly non-rational actions, stripping him of his ability to converse with the angels as an equal. Adams greatest flaw is his unequivocal love for his wife Eve. He falls I love merely upon seeing her for the first, and even confesses to the archangel Raphael that his attraction is nigh overwhelming. Though warned by Raphael to keep his dangerous emotions in check he completely disregards Raphaels earnest urgings. After Eve eats from the Tree of Knowledge of good and evil, quickly devours a fruit from the same tree in order to prevent him from being separated from her even momentarily. Eve has become an indispensable companion in his life and he will do anything in order to prevent himself from being separated from his only love. His other major weakness is his insatiable curiosity. He manipulates the angel Raphael to extract more information from him, To whom the Patriarch of mankind replid, /O favourable spirit, propitious guest, /Well hast thou taught the way that might direct /Our knowledge, and the scale of Nature set /From center to circumference, whereon/ In contemplation of created things /By steps we may ascend to God. But say, /What meant that caution joind, if ye be found Obedient? Can we want obedience then to him, or possibly his love desert that formd us from the dust, and placd us here full to the utmost measure of what bliss Human desires can seek or apprehend?(Book V 506-518) This suggests a growing attraction to temptation, but like his relationship with Eve this temptation is easily ignored. It is only through Eve that his temptations become truly unavoidable. Created to be Adams mate, Eve can be considered inferior to Adam, but only by a very slight margin. She surpasses Adam only in her beauty. Like the mortal narcissus, she falls in love with her own reflection stilled and entranced by her own beauty. In an ironical sense her beauty her greatest strength is also her greatest flaw. She is easily manipulated by Satan when she is complimented on both her beauty and goodness. But even so it is not her beauty that is tested but her intelligence and spiritual purity. Though she is by no means unintelligent she lacks the ambition and drive to learn more, content to leave all her decisions to Adam as was ordained by God. As a result, she does not advance in either intelligence or in knowledge but remains mostly static, although by the end of the poem she begins to show the seeds of wisdom. Her lack of learning is mostly due to her absence from Raphaels conversations with Adam in Books V, VI, and VII, and her not experiencing Raphaels visions in Books XI and XII. She feels that it is not her place to be present in this discussions but is content to learn from Adam as a third-party. However, Milton is quick to defend her choice as, Yet went she not, as not with such discourse / Delighted, or not capable of her ear / Of what was high: such pleasures she reservd, / Adam relating, she sole Auditress (VIII, 48-51). The only time that she deviates from her mainly passive role, it results in the punishing fall of man. Even so eve does occasionally question Adams choices and ideas. In Book IX, her questioning does lead to temptation, Eve states at the start of Book IX that they can do more work if they work separately. Adam feeling that as Eve was tricked once before Satan when she was alone, resists this idea and refuses to be separated from Eve once more lest she fall once more into temptation. However due to the love he feels for Eve he allows himself to be separated in order to please Eve. This is possibly due only to his love and is not an exercise of his reasonable capabilities. On the other hand, Eve won her argument by cleverly utilizing her few advantages over Adam. Though through her actions she sets herself up to fail by that only together can they resist temptation. However, her character is quite different from the views held by other religious denomination. This fits with the Genesis description that her one major flaw is her curiosity and vanity. She suffers from a need to know that is her one major flaw even in Genesis she cares for him being as she is made to make him happy. Adam is also slightly different in that he is not as confident in himself. However, even more importantly, is the distinct lack of available text to be able extrapolated to provide an adequate portrait of both Adam and Eves general personality. This has not stopped numerous Christian denominations from interpreting her in various fashions. Calvinists believed that Adam was created in such a way he had to sin, predestination. Original sin, therefore, seems to be a hereditary depravity and corruption of our nature, diffused into all parts of the soul, which first makes us liable to Gods wrath, then also brings forth in us those works which Scripture calls works of the flesh (Gal 5:19). And that is properly what Paul often calls sin. The works that come forth from itsuch as adulteries, fornications, thefts, hatreds, murders, carousingshe accordingly calls fruits of sin (Gal 5:19-21), although they are also commonly called sins in Scripture, and even by Paul himself.(Calvin,24) This fits with the general view that it is Adams inherent depravity that prevents him from being able to resist Eve. He accepts the temptation because he too wants the forbidden and to disobey. (Calvin Chap 11, 30It also fits extremely well with their general view of God as a tyrant. This view was unconsciously shared by many members of the Reformation. This belief was predestination or the belief that whether a person will go to heaven or hell is decided before a person is even born. If this fact is taken in consideration with the saga of Adam and Eve it creates the image of a sadistic god who created Adam and Eve only to cause them to fall. In this way it is a reflection of the general attitude held by many Reformationists is that humanity is in general doomed, a nihilist philosophy which either caused a person to believe they were exceedingly blessed or to despair in their spiritual state. Moreover, we say that our pollution is so great, that it can never be washed away save in the fountain of his pure blood. Must not those who are thus addressed conceive a greater horror of sin than if it were said to be wiped off by a sprinkling of good works? If they have any reverence for God, how can they, after being once purified, avoid shuddering at the thought of again wallowing in the mire, and as much as in them lies troubling and polluting the purity of this fountain? I have washed my feet, (says the believing soul in the Song of Solomon, 5:3), how shall I defile them? It is now plain which of the two makes the forgiveness of sins of less value, and derogates from the dignity of justification. They pretend that God is appeased by their frivolous satisfactions; in other words, by mere dross. We maintain that the guilt of sin is too heinous to be so frivolously expiated; that the offense is too grave to be forgiven to such valueless satisfactions; and, therefore, that forgive ness is the prerogative of Christs blood alone. (Calvin, Chap.16, 4) This is important in that Milton represents God as an emotionally distant controlling god. He is not available to be loved, but only held in awe. We can never merit this love only accept the free gift. Milton does not make God approachable as are his Adam and Eve. Therefore, Miltons Adam and Eve are not the Calvinistic fallen and depraved, but men, like ourselves who chose error through faults, but are still with much merit. Throughout time the saga of Adam and Eve has been analyzed and rewoven a multitude of times over the ages Miltons incarnation has earned its pedestal as the supreme mythos of the genesis of mankind, while others have interpreted Adam and eve as chosen of God, the fallen, or as victims of a malevolent god. There is only one thing certain that not much is known of Adam and Eve but much still can be learned from Miltons the relationship between man and woman and the future we can claim.

The Cherry Orchard and the Rise of Bolshevism Essay example -- Anton C

The Cherry Orchard and the Rise of Bolshevism  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Anton Chekhov uses The Cherry Orchard, to openly present the decline of an aristocratic Russian family as a microcosm of the rapid decline of the old Russia at the end of the nineteenth century--but also provides an ominous foreshadowing of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in the disparate ideals of his characters, Trofimov and Lopakhin, however unintentionally. The Gayev family and their plight is intended as a symbolic microcosm of the fall of the aristocracy in society at large. Though the merchant Lopakhin is presented as the character who holds values of the new, post-aristocratic age, the student Trofimov espouses the political sentiments that will ultimately replace both the aristocratic class and the new commercial class. Chekhov's presenting Lopakhin as a pioneer of the new social order is undermined by the lines and role he gives to Trofimov, and the author discounts the importance of the then-emerging revolutionaries. Yet the play reveals a major reason why Commu nism ultimately received very little support from the gradual-minded middle class, which lead to a bloody revolution and totalitarian regimes for a good part of a century. It is this insight which provides contemporary critiques of socialist movements with a lesson about human nature -- a lesson that serves to show that Communism and other forms of ideological socialism have never been workers' movements, even if the movements temporally address workers' political demands.    Chekhov relies on several devices to proclaim to his audience that the changes taking place are not merely personal for the profligate Gayev family, but are part of an inevitable social evolution. Through these devices, Chekh... ... young revolutionaries who eventually seized Russia. Though the playwright dismisses the importance of these ideas, he offers a contrast of them with those of the bourgeoisie that explains why Russian Communism arrived through a bloody revolution and without middle-class support, and why for over seventy years of this century the world had to live with the results of the revolution.    Works Cited Chekhov, Anton. The Cherry Orchard. 1903. Jacobus 792-815. ----. Letter to K.S. Stanislavsky. Jacobus 816. Jacobus, Lee, ed. The Bedford Introduction To Drama. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997. Levite, Allan. Guilt, Blame, and Politics. San Francisco: Stanyan Press, 1998. Pritchett, V.S. Chekhov: A Spirit Set Free. New York: Random House, 1988. Simmons, Ernest J. Chekhov: A Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.   

Essay --

Lauren Park Prof. Stewart Ac Eng 139W 11/24/2013 Introduction The subject of abortion has had very highly contested debates over decades. In most platforms, there are numerous religious, legal, moral or social reasons floated against having an abortion. However, in the same platforms, the proponents of abortion outline various arguments to rest their point. Central to the opponents (pro-life activists) arguments against abortion is that abortion is an unethical. According to Naden (2007), they contend that personhood begins at conception. Therefore, abortion terminates a life an innocent human being. On the other hand, the proponents (pro-choice activists) argue that human life begins after birth, hence the claimed right to life for the fetus does not match the criteria. They also assert that abortion is a right that should not be limited by either government-based or non-governmental organizations since it has more weight than the right the right claimed for a fetus. In spite of abortion being advocated for in certain medical circumstance, the procedure is widely not acceptable in most societies due to the numerous negative side effects associated to it. Even though there are some incidences where abortion has been widely advocated, abortion is generally not acceptable due to the numerous negative aspects associated to it. According to Bailey (2012), abortion is a medical and legal process of terminating a pregnancy so that it does not result in the birth of a baby. The National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom points out that the procedure can either be through taking a prescribed medication or a surgical process (NHS, 2012). In the same context, NHS distinguishes abortion from a miscarriage in the sense that there i... ...ficulties of finding brides due to imbalanced sex ratio. Those efforts actually worked and a survey in 2007 showed that campaigns and advertisements actually helped women’s perceived status. However, problem of imbalanced sex ratio did not completely solved, so change of policy can be another solution. For example, if both parents are only child, they are allowed to have two children. But what if two children are daughters? Although they can have two children, a gender of their children does not depend on their choices. Then, fetal sex determination is the only option for those parents who want a boy and there is high possibility of carrying out a plan of having sex selective abortion to have male child for their family line. Therefore, allowing people a second child or third child when they only have daughter can be another way to reduce sex selective abortion. Essay -- Lauren Park Prof. Stewart Ac Eng 139W 11/24/2013 Introduction The subject of abortion has had very highly contested debates over decades. In most platforms, there are numerous religious, legal, moral or social reasons floated against having an abortion. However, in the same platforms, the proponents of abortion outline various arguments to rest their point. Central to the opponents (pro-life activists) arguments against abortion is that abortion is an unethical. According to Naden (2007), they contend that personhood begins at conception. Therefore, abortion terminates a life an innocent human being. On the other hand, the proponents (pro-choice activists) argue that human life begins after birth, hence the claimed right to life for the fetus does not match the criteria. They also assert that abortion is a right that should not be limited by either government-based or non-governmental organizations since it has more weight than the right the right claimed for a fetus. In spite of abortion being advocated for in certain medical circumstance, the procedure is widely not acceptable in most societies due to the numerous negative side effects associated to it. Even though there are some incidences where abortion has been widely advocated, abortion is generally not acceptable due to the numerous negative aspects associated to it. According to Bailey (2012), abortion is a medical and legal process of terminating a pregnancy so that it does not result in the birth of a baby. The National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom points out that the procedure can either be through taking a prescribed medication or a surgical process (NHS, 2012). In the same context, NHS distinguishes abortion from a miscarriage in the sense that there i... ...ficulties of finding brides due to imbalanced sex ratio. Those efforts actually worked and a survey in 2007 showed that campaigns and advertisements actually helped women’s perceived status. However, problem of imbalanced sex ratio did not completely solved, so change of policy can be another solution. For example, if both parents are only child, they are allowed to have two children. But what if two children are daughters? Although they can have two children, a gender of their children does not depend on their choices. Then, fetal sex determination is the only option for those parents who want a boy and there is high possibility of carrying out a plan of having sex selective abortion to have male child for their family line. Therefore, allowing people a second child or third child when they only have daughter can be another way to reduce sex selective abortion.

My Life and Statute of Frauds

My Life and Statute of Frauds In 1677, the English Parliament passed the Statute of Frauds. It is a state statute under which certain types of contracts must be in writing to be enforceable. The primary purpose of the Statute of Frauds is to ensure that there is reliable evidence of the contracts and terms, and it is to prevent the possibility of a nonexistent agreement between two parties being â€Å"proved† by perjury or Fraud. There are 5 categories to which the contracts must to fall within the Statute of Frauds, which are: 1. Contracts involving interests in land – The statute applies to any contract for an interest in real estate. . Contracts that cannot by their term be performed within one year – The statute applies only to contracts that are objectively impossible to perform within one year from the contract’s formation. 3. Collateral promises – The statute applies only to express contracts made between the guarantor and the creditor whose terms make the guarantor secondarily liable. 4. Promises made in consideration of marriage- The Statute applies to a unilateral promise to make a monetary payment or to give property in consideration of marriage. 5.Contracts for the sale of goods priced at $500 or more. As we have seen, having a written contract helps many people to reduce the risk from misleading whenever they enter into the contracts. For example, there was a scenario case that had happened to me, and it helps me to figure out the important role of the Statute of Frauds to my life. I still remember in October last year, when I was surfing the craigslist, I found an ads said that a room for shared with a cheap price, but the owner, Jason, stated that whoever rent his place had to pay money ahead of time.I then called him and rented place. About five months after the day of contract formation, he asked to move out because he wanted to sell his house. As a result, I left the place without getting back my money. That was piss me off because I couldn’t enforce the contract, and there aren’t any recipes to prove that I had paid to him. Now, I understand that a written contract is really important. Therefore, whenever I make a deal with other people, if it’s possible, I would make a written contract. It is a brilliant choice because it protects me from fraud in oral contracts

Slave Dbq

Julie Giaimo DBQ Going back to 1619, Africans were bought to America and sold to Americans as workers. It wasn’t long before slavery became a controversial issue. Over the course of almost two and a half centuries the debate of weather to continue or abolish slavery went on. The supporters and the abolitionist had their arguments on how they viewed slavery, and the government played their part too. Those who supported slavery were for the most part southerners. Senator John C. Calhoun states that slavery is a â€Å"positive good†.He says that through slavery, the conditions of the races improved physically, morally, and intellectually and the two races of black and white were brought together. Calhoun also says that the living conditions for the slaves were good and they were taken care of. But in reality, the slaves were living in shacks fearing for their lives and hoping not to get beaten by their slave owner after a long hard day of working in the blistering sun on t he plantations (document 2). Another man against the abolition of slavery is Chancellor Harper.According to Harper, the emancipated slaves would harm the economy of the United States and Europe. This is because he believed that the free laborers would strike against working for higher pays and they wouldn’t do their jobs, thus affecting the trade. The slaves did get paid but very low amounts compared to the hard work that they put into their jobs (document 3). Those were some arguments of people who supported slavery and believed that it should be continued. People who didn’t believe in slavery are known as abolitionist.

Answer these questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer these questions - Assignment Example Humans: We [Humans] live in nature and culture. Even though much of our behavioral traits are inherited, we have opinions, and so form judgments. That as the inert aspects of biology interacts with the external components of culture, certain thoughts passed along to the latter generations fades away, in effect, explaining how natural selection operates on cultural thoughts. Culture affords that extra capacity for humans to adjust to the challenges of nature. 1) Explain the differences about whether Neanderthals were humans exactly like us or not. What traits did they have that were like us, and which were different, and how can you explain these through the principles of natural selection and variation? The Neanderthals were generally similar to modern man in appearance; the anatomy was essentially human in scope, with a similar number of bones functioning in the same manner. They were, however, different in terms of their robustness [thickness and strength]. The Neanderthal also had backward sloped forehead, with a slightly forward protruding nose compared to modern humans. The similarities in the physical traits of the two come from the very fact that both humans and Neanderthals acquired certain genetic variables from a common ancestor; variables which may have been â€Å"wiped clean† with certain beneficial aspects of mutation, causing variations in humans to help develop language or engage in complex interactive mechanisms, in effect, showing the very nature of natural selection in action. 2) How can bones tell us stories that history cannot? What specific scientific methods would you employ to study a group of skeletons from a volcanic eruption, in which the ruler of the time said all the people escaped the disaster? Scientific evidence has proven beyond reasonable doubles that organisms evolve/change over time. Through the studies of bones, scientists can, therefore, how species have changed across long

Construction and organisation management. Tendering and estimating Essay

Construction and organisation management. Tendering and estimating - Essay Example But now the situation is getting better and the CSN also stated that the industry will have a growth rate of 1.4% each year from 2011-14. Under such a recession that the medium and small contractors must restrategize themselves, their policies and their operating zones. As it is seen that the north parts of UK have seen massive downturn, and whereas other parts such as wales and London have seen growth due to important events such as Olympics and etc. It is to be noted that there are about 614 contracting companies working in the south east England which is the highest no of companies that work in any other region of UK, on the other hand there are about 511 contracting companies that operated in the London region. This statistics clearly show the high level of saturation in the market and the stiff competition to get projects. This fact the bidding process of L & H significantly, as L & H should go for the project which it has been invited for and at the same time it should be consc ious of the fact that cost analysis of the project should be done vigorously and carefully as new location of project can open new markets for the company as well as cause loss to the company due to in experience in that region. The solution I suggest for the problem is that L & H must go for the bidding process with its full strength and if it is successful in getting the project it must involve and hire the workers and form a team which consists of the local people as well as L & H old loyal workers. Personally I believe that if L & H gets the new work at even a small profit it should go for it, as the main focus of the company should be getting projects and sustaining itself in recession. Then another fact that is to be noted that the growth rate of construction industry is about 1.4% but the growth rate of the south east England is just 0.8% which clearly shows that the growth in this region is less and companies need to move out of the region to sustain their own growth. Then L & H must also view which type of project is it bidding for, it is to be noted that there is huge growth in some sectors of construction industry and there is huge decay in the others. It is suggested that the L & H should be looking forward in creating its good will and name in the public sector as it is the only sector having significant funding at the moment. Whereas on the other hand private sector is not any longer investing much as it is in process to recover itself from the recession and has no confidence on the returns. It is to be noted that infrastructure sector of the construction industry is growing immensely that is it is growing at a rate of more than 6.7 % and majority of the projects coming up are of Infrastructure, contrary to this is the housing sector which is badly struck and experience a decay of 3.9 %. So when L & H must be bidding and going for projects in infrastructure sector. Concluding the discussion if L & H is to survive in these difficult times of reces sion and have to sustain its own growth it has to take a certain level of risk which is to expand its operational area and work in areas where there is both growth and lesser competition. On the other hand it has to emerge itself as a mainstream public sector contractor which mains interest is working in infrastructure and development. b) Morale has been low on several sites in one area, communication and quality of work has suffered. Discuss It has been proved