Imagery Foreshadowing

Creating Suspense In the short story, â€Å"Three Skeleton Key† by George Outdoes, imagery and foreshadowing are important literary devices used in this story. Outdoes use s these two devices to help create suspense in the acts of the three lighthouse workers being data eked by sea rats. Foreshadowing is a literary device used by authors to give hints what is to co me later in the story. Foreshadowing is a nonchalant warning for events that follow.Tout ouzo States, â€Å"Three Skeleton Key, the small rock on which the light stood, bore a bad reputation. † (peg 1) The author sees foreshadowing here to hint toward unfortunate events that happen later on. For example, the ship wrecks on the island. Eventually the rats take over the lighthouse, forcing the three men to be locked into one room of the lighthouse with no supplies. After the rat invasion ion, one of the men, Eel Glee, goes mad, another, Ithaca, dies from an infected rat bite.Too douse also states, â€Å"Watchi ng her sail dead for us, a white wave boiling her bows, Eel Glee cried 0 UT, â€Å"What's wrong with her crew? † (peg 2) The author uses foreshadowing here to hint tow arts the death of the crew from the ship, and the crew that worked on the lighthouse. The fate of the crew from the ship was that they had to abandon the ship because of the invasion of the shih p by sea rats. The crew had to abandon the ship, they were left for death in the middle of the co mean. The lighthouse crew was destined to a chaotic series of events dealing with the same sea rats .The crew is pretty much bound for death when trapped inside the room of the lighthouse with n o supplies. Foreshadowing is important in the act of creating the suspense in this story. Imagery is a literary device used by authors to visually describe their work. Im age rye helps reader to feel even close to the action in the story. Outdoes says, â€Å"If you u so much as harm one, his sharp cry will bring hordes of his fello ws to swarm over you, and not cease until your flesh has been stripped from your bones. (peg 4) He uses imagery in this case to show how vengeful the rats truly are. These lines make you visualize the rats swarming o very and striping your flesh from your bones.

Profit Maximization Model

SAMPLE ANSWER FOR QUESTION 5 Profit-making is one of the most traditional, basic and major objectives of a firm. Profit-motive is the driving-force behind all business activities of a company. It is the primary measure of success or failure of a firm in the market. Profit earning capacity indicates the position, performance and status of a firm in the market. In spite of several changes and development of several alternative objectives, profit maximization has remained as one of the single most important objectives of the firm even today.Both small and large firms consistently make an attempt to maximize their profit by adopting novel techniques in business. Specific efforts have been made to maximize output and minimize production and other operating costs. Cost reduction, cost cutting and cost minimization has become the slogan of a modern firm. It is a very simple and unambiguous model. It is the single most ideal model that can explain the normal behavior of a firm. Main proposit ions of the profit-maximization model The model is based on the assumption that each firm seeks to maximize its profit given certain technical and market constraints.The following are the main propositions of the model. 1. A firm is a producing unit and as such it converts various inputs into outputs of higher value under a given technique of production. 2. The basic objective of each firm is to earn maximum profit. 3. A firm operates under a given market condition. 4. A firm will select that alternative course of action which helps to maximize consistent profits 5. A firm makes an attempt to change its prices, input and output quantity to maximize its profit. The model Profit-maximization implies earning highest possible amount of profits during a given period of time.A firm has to generate largest amount of profits by building optimum productive capacity both in the short run and long run depending upon various internal and external factors and forces. There should be proper balan ce between short run and long run objectives. In the short run a firm is able to make only slight or minor adjustments in the production process as well as in business conditions. The plant capacity in the short run is fixed and as such, it can increase its production and sales by intensive utilization of existing plants and machineries, having over time work for the existing staff etc.Thus, in the short run, a firm has its own technical and managerial constraints. But in the long run, as there is plenty of time at the disposal of a firm, it can expand and add to the existing capacities build up new plants; employ additional workers etc to meet the rising demand in the market. Thus, in the long run, a firm will have adequate time and ample opportunity to make all kinds of adjustments and readjustments in production process and in its marketing strategies. It is to be noted with great care that a firm has to maximize its profits after taking in to consideration of various factors in to account.They are as follows – 1. Pricing and business strategies of rival firms and its impact on the working of the given firm. 2. Aggressive sales promotion policies adopted by rival firms in the market. 3. Without inducing the workers to demand higher wages and salaries leading to rise in operation costs. 4. Without resorting to monopolistic and exploitative practices inviting government controls and takeovers. 5. Maintaining the quality of the product and services to the customers. 6. Taking various kinds of risks and uncertainties in the changing business environment. . Adopting a stable business policy. 8. Avoiding any sort of clash between short run and long run profits in the business policy and maintaining proper balance between them. 9. Maintaining its reputation, name, fame and image in the market. 10. Profit maximization is necessary in both perfect and imperfect markets. In a perfect market, a firm is a price-taker and under imperfect market it becomes a price -searcher. Assumptions of the model The profit maximization model is based on tree important assumptions. They are as follows – 1.Profit maximization is the main goal of the firm. 2. Rational behavior on the part of the firm to achieve its goal of profit maximization. 3. The firm is managed by owner-entrepreneur. Determination of profit – maximizing price and output Profit maximization of a firm can be explained in two different ways.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total Revenue and Total Cost approach.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost approach. Profits of a firm are estimated by making comparison between total revenue and total costs. Profit is the difference between TR and TC.In other words, excess of revenue over costs is the profits. Profit = TR – TC. If TR is equal to TC in that case, there will be break even point. If TR is less than TC, in that case, a firm will be incurring losses. In this case, we take in to account of total cost and total revenue of the firm while measuring profits. It is clear from  the following diagram how profit arises when TR is greater than that of TC. 2. MR and MC approach In this case, we take in to account of revenue earned from one unit and cost incurred to produce only one unit of output.A firm will be maximizing its profits when MR= MC and MC curve cuts MR curve from below. If MC curve cuts MR curve from above either under perfect market or under imperfect market, no doubt MR equals MC but total output will not be maximized and hence total profits also will not be maximized. Hence, two conditions are necessary for profit maximization- 1. MR = MC. 2. MC curve cut MR curve from below. It is clear from the following diagrams. Justification for profit maximization 1. Basic objective of traditional economic theory.The traditional economic theory assumes that a firm is owned and managed by the entrepreneur himself and as such he always aims at maximum return on his capit al invested in the business. Hence profit-maximization becomes the natural principle of a firm. 2. A firm is not a charitable institution. A firm is a business unit. It is organized on commercial principles. A firm is not a charitable institution. Hence, it has to earn reasonable amount of profits. 3. To predict most realistic price-output behavior. This model helps to predict usual and general behavior of business firms in the real world as it provides a practical guidance.It also helps in predicting the reasonable behavior of a firm with more accuracy. Thus, it is a very simple, plain, realistic, pragmatic and most useful hypothesis in forecasting price output behavior of a firm. 4. Necessary for survival. It is to be noted that the very existence and survival of a firm depends on its capacity to earn maximum profits. It is a time-honored hypothesis and there is common agreement among businessmen to make highest possible profits both in the short run and long run. 5. To achieve ot her objectives.In recent years several other objectives have become much more popular and all these objectives have become highly relevant in the context of modern business set up. But it is to be remembered that they can be achieved only when a firm is making maximum profits. Criticisms 1. Ambiguous term. The term profit maximization is ambiguous in nature. There is no clear cut explanation whether a firm has to maximize its net profit, total profit or the rate of profit in a business unit. Again maximum amount of profit cannot be precisely defined in quantitative terms. . It may not always be possible. Profit maximization, no doubt is the basic objective of a firm. But in the context of highly competitive business environment, always it may not be possible for a firm to achieve this objective. Other objectives like sales maximization, market share expansion, market leadership building its own image, name, fame and reputation, spending more time with members of the family, enjoying leisure, developing better and cordial relationship with employees and customers etc. lso has assumed greater significance in recent years. 3. Separation of ownership and management. In many cases, to-day we come across the business units are organized on partnership or joint stock company or cooperative basis. In case of many large organizations, ownership and management is clearly separated and they are run and managed by salaried managers who have their own self interests and as such always profit maximization may not become possible. 4. Difficulty in getting relevant information and data.In spite of revolution in the field of information technology, always it may not be possible to get adequate and relevant information to take right decisions in a highly fluctuating business scenario. Hence, profits may not be maximized. 5. Conflict in inter-departmental goals. A firm has several departments and sections headed by experts in their own fields. Each one of them will have its own independent goals and many a times there is possibility of clashes between the interests of different departments and as such always profits may not be maximized. 6. Changes in business environment.In the context of highly competitive and changing business environment and changes in consumer’s tastes and requirements, a firm may not be able to cope up with the expectations and adjust its policies and as such profits may not be maximized. 7. Growth of oligopolistic firms. In the context of globalization, growth of oligopoly firms has become so common through mergers, amalgamations and takeovers. Leading firms dominate the market and the small firms have to follow the policies of the leading firms. Hence, in many cases, there are limited chances for making maximum profits. 8.Significance of other managerial gains. Salaried managers have limited freedom in decision making process. Some of them are unable to forecast the right type of changes and meet the market challenges. They are more worried about their salaries, promotions, perquisites, security of jobs, and other types of benefits. They may lack strong motivations to make higher profits as profits would go to the organization. They may be contented with only satisfactory level of profits rather than maximum profits. 9. Emphasis on non-profit goals. Many organizations give more stress on non-profit goals.From the point of view of today’s business environment, productivity, efficiency, better management, customer satisfaction, durability of products, higher quality of products and services etc. have gained importance to cope with business competition. Hence, emphasis has been shifted from profit maximization to other practical aspects. 10. Aversion to reduction in power. In case of several small business units, the owners do not want to share their powers with many new partners and hence, they try to keep maximum powers in their hands.In such cases, keeping more power becomes more important than profit maximization. 11. Official restrictions over profits of public utilities. Public utilities or public corporations are legally prohibited to make huge profits in many developing countries like India. Thus, it is clear that a firm cannot maximize its profits always. There are many constraints in the background of multiple objectives. Each one of the objectives has its own merits and demerits and a firm has to strike a balance between all kinds of objectives.

A Worn Path Essay Example for Free (#4)

A Worn Path Essay ? The short story ‘A Worn Path’ by Eudora Welty emphasizes the importance of patience and persistence. The protagonist of the story, a very old African-American woman, Phoenix Jackson is presented by the author as a study in perseverance, stamina and life in the face of hardship and death. The story is rather deceptively simple and deals with an old woman’s journey on foot through the woods of Mississippi to the city of Natchez, motivated by the need of medicines for her ailing grandson. However, structured upon this journey motif, the story has a rich veneer of symbolism that turns Phoenix Jackson an everyman, while her journey, transcending every boundary becomes the very emblem for the eternal human quest through the wildernesses of life. The landscape that the protagonist has to cross to reach her destination is at once evocatively beautiful and hauntingly dangerous, threatening at every moment to jeopardize the journey. The old and worn out woman is acutely aware of the dangers and hardships that lie in her way and as she walks steadily she mutters under her breath: â€Å"Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals†¦ the big wild hogs out of my path. Don’t let none of those come running my direction. I got a long way. † Her feet feels chained as she negotiates a particularly steep uphill path and gets entangled in a thorny bush that looks harmless from the distance. As soon as she overcomes this other impediments follow: narrow logs across a creek, ghosts which turn out to be nothing but scarecrows, dog and his white master crosses her path. But she braves it all with a determination and patience that bespeaks of the invincibility of the spirit that burns within her breasts. The solitary journey of the protagonist through the wildernesses is further complicated by her old age, her acute physical exhaustion and her failing vision. However, walking against these innumerable odds, Phoenix Jackson emerges victorious with the aid of her sheer fortitude and capacity for self-sacrifice for the sake of her grandson. Even when a bounding black dog pushes her over into a ditch, Phoenix Jackson does not lose her infinite patience. In fact lying by the roadside in a ditch, incapable of getting up on her own, she seems quite happy and soon loses herself in a dream and goes on talking to herself. After being rescued, she calmly declares the rationale of her journey to the hunter who advises her to go back home: â€Å"I bound to go to town, mister,† said Phoenix. â€Å"The time come around. † The protagonists zest for life is revealed in her intense awareness of every natural object around her and the wilderness seen through her failing eyes, takes on a dream-like quality; a dream in which every object quivers with symbolic or allegorical significance. The real journey transcends its limits to reveal a religious pilgrimage or a quest with Phoenix Jackson as the lonely knight whose only true weapons against adversities are her infinite patience and persistence. Interestingly, the story is actually set during the Christmas season, suggesting that the protagonist is out on a pilgrimage where her endurance and fortitude will be tested to the extreme. The theme of patience and persistence is also reiterated in the mythological significance of the name, Phoenix, a bird that rises again and again from its own ashes asserting the victory of life over death. It is to be noted that it is not only the natural world that poses an obstacle for the old protagonist, but the society too that refuses to giver her the due respect. Thus we see the White man condescendingly concluding that she is going to the town merely to see Santa Claus or the nurses at the great big building dismissing her as a case of ‘charity’. But all these barely touches the old lady, who has surely earned the medicine a thousand times over; the medicine that is given away to her as ‘charity’. She once again walks out into the street starting her long journey back home through the wilderness. Thus it might be concluded that Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path is a powerful assertion of the victory of the human spirit against all conceivable odds. The victory is undoubtedly hard earned, neither does it promise much spoils (the old woman is rewarded with a paper windmill and medicine for her grandson at the end of her almost epical journey). But it is a victory of patience and persistence. The battle too is worth fighting whatever be the spoils. A Worn Path. (2017, Feb 25).

PSYC 320 DB1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PSYC 320 DB1 - Essay Example The same case applies to having enough knowledge as well as helping the needy. Simply, Saint Paul is implying that the actions humans do are not adequate without love. He further implies that, if the human actions are on the basis of love, their efforts of benefiting the environment are rewarded better as compared to when they lack love (1 Corinthians 13). God wants the humans to impact on the environment by solving various problems in the society with love. He further wants the humans to help one another from their deep hearts and not as a showoff. Moreover, god wants individuals in the society to utilize their talents appropriately in order to receive a better reward (Carter, 2013). There are various situations where the human faith influences their behavior such: participating in social activities like paying taxes, giving to the poor as well as utilizing their knowledge to educate the society on various issues affecting them (1 Corinthians

David mamet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

David mamet - Essay Example Some of the writings that are believed to have been influenced by the turmoil in Mamet’s childhood include the play The Old Neighborhood, which is about childhood abuse and resentment, and The Cryptogram, which is about a young boy whose parents separated (â€Å"David Mamet,† Theater Database). His interests in theater began when he was just a teenager. It was at Hull House Theater and at Second City, the famous and rich Chicago improvisational sites at the time, where Mamet worked and gained influence in his language and style of writing. It was also at this time that Mamet’s stepfather inflicted physical and psychological abuse on the Mamet family and thus the theater became for Mamet a sort of catharsis and one way by which he could forget domestic problems (â€Å"Notable Playwrights†). As a young boy, Mamet also acted in television shows and this was made possible by the director of broadcasting for the Chicago Board of Rabbis who happened to be his uncle (â€Å"Notable Playwrights†). After majoring in theater and literature in Goddard College in Vermont, he started getting famous. In fact, his first play Camel was written as a college thesis requirement at graduation and was staged in 1968. The mid-1970’s was, nevertheless, the best time of his career for it was during this time that he was able to write the most number of theatrical masterpieces, among which were the plays Sexual Perversity in Chicago and American Buffalo. Overall, Mamet has written more than 30 plays, numerous sketches, poems, essays, children’s plays, a number of Chekov’s adaptations, a book about directing a film, and over a dozen screenplays (â€Å"Notable Playwrights†). In fact, every piece of work by David Mamet was an achievement, except perhaps for the screenplay for The Postman Always Rings Twice, which was considered his â€Å"least successful effort† (â€Å"David Mamet Biography†). Among his

Does the Beauty and Majesty of the Natural World Need to Be Tied to a Essay

Does the Beauty and Majesty of the Natural World Need to Be Tied to a Higher or More Spiritual Force to Be Truly Understood - Essay Example Even in the cases when nature itself is considered divine, more conscious attitude to one’s own religious beliefs is psychologically beneficial. Some objections to this view are examined and followed by counterarguments related to current environmental ethics and politics. People need to have values in life. The need for spirituality is proven by psychological studies (Schroeder, 1992) and numerous moments of our daily experience. We want to transcend the limits of our own personalities by experiencing Other, be it in God, nature, or other entities (Schroeder, 1992, p. 25). Protection of environment is another acute need of humanity. There are numerous ways of satisfying these two necessities. The difference between them lies in the question where is the Other. Or, to put it playfully, who is the Significant Other? Once a person has decided, it becomes clear what God and nature mean to him or her. For pantheists and deep ecologists, nature is valuable by definition (Naess, 197 3). For most of the believers of world religions, nature is beautiful and majestic as long as its phenomena are sanctioned by some deity. Even pagans worship the deities of streams, trees, and rocks, not nature itself. But regardless from the forces considered divine in any one of these cases, the value of nature should not be mediated and limited by any other values.... It often establishes some hierarchy: many animals are believed to be ‘unclean’ or ‘sacred’ in various religions, and the believers treat those animals accordingly. Usually, this inequality does not result in animal massacres or maltreatment, but it has subtler implications for the entire ecosystems. In most of such hierarchies of world religions, human beings are usually situated above the other living creatures, so that the decisions about the entire ecosystems are made, so to speak, in their ‘favour’. This anthropocentrism of traditional culture is blamed for environmental crisis by deep ecologists and radical environmentalists, as it fails to represent the parts of ecosystem as interrelated (Leopold, 1949). There is also selectivity of non-human species: for instance, people are more likely to preserve the spotted owls than the insects that belong to the same ecosystem. It may be argued that human eye is selective by nature and that our exper ience of nature is still mediated by something, be it religion, science, or anything else. This view echoes the one expressed by Ralph Emerson, a classic representative of transcendentalism: that the poet’s eye â€Å"can integrate all the parts† (Emerson, 1836), thereby giving them sense. For Emerson, art and spirit were superior to nature: â€Å"Have mountains, and waves, and skies, no significance but what we consciously give them, when we employ them as emblems of our thoughts? (...) the whole of nature is a metaphor of the human mind† (Emerson, 1836). From the fact that our interaction with nature is mediated, it does not follow that our view is right. Schroeder (1992) explains that spiritual experience, including the spiritual experience of nature, should be

Diversification as a Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diversification as a Corporate Strategy - Essay Example It is important to note that the business environment of every industry varies. This explains why many business leaders may not be able to cope with the varying requirements of different business sectors. The firms that get involved in the diversification strategy often look only at the positive aspects of the strategic alternative. However, there are other prominent disadvantages that accompany the process of diversification. Despite the many hardships and appalling rates of failure, the diversification strategy remains the preferred alternative for many organizations, usually for behavioral rather than economic reasons. When one places diversification on a broader perspective, it becomes clear that a concept is fundamentally a negative option. Indeed, many business scholars have expressed that companies that result to diversification are, more often than not, running away from better alternatives. This assertion stems from the fact that many firms actually delve into diversificatio n with the hope of finding better prospects on the other side, without conducting due diligence on the actual benefits that diversification brings to the company. During the process of diversification, there are three main approaches that companies adopt in expanding their operations. These include; networks, acquisitions, and internal development. Networks have been seen as playing a pivotal role in streamlining the operations of international businesses. There are numerous definitional problems that have been linked to the idea of networks.

Bipolar Disorder and its misdiagnosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bipolar Disorder and its misdiagnosis - Essay Example It is considered a genetic malfunction of specific neurotransmitters which lie inactive until a stressor in life triggers them. There are certain medications which can also trigger mania for example antidepressants can produce mania in some of the patients who are vulnerable to bipolar disorder. Therefore it is very necessary to treat bipolar disorder with care and caution as because a depressive episode can readily turn into a manic episode. Some other stressors as lack of sleep, frequent use of stimulants and alcohol can increase the risk of the bipolar disorder. Hence, depression and bipolar/manic depression are two very different conditions and necessitate accurate diagnosis before treating any of the disorders. Bipolar disorder is further subdivided into three types, Including Bipolar I, II and Cyclothymic disorder. Type III bipolar disorder which is not a DSM-IV recognized disorder and includes relatives of the manic depression sufferers who themselves suffered from major depre ssive episodes. ... (PubMed, 2011)Carbamazipine, Lithium, Valproate, Lamotrigine and other ant seizure drugs can help reduce the severity of the situation. Antipsychotics and anti anxiety for mood problems are suggested. More than 25% patients are misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms of manic depression and unipolar depression. However, use of antidepressants can lead to increase risk of suicide and mania in patients of bipolarism. Underuse of effective medication and overuse of antidepressants is common among the misdiagnosed patients which is possibly a harmful treatment regimen for the bipolar patient. The patients with early onset and treatment refractory depression are the ones mostly misdiagnosed as unipolar depression instead of bipolarism. For this purpose a study was conducted in United Kingdom and approved by Cardiff and Vale University health board. It aimed to determine the extent of misdiagnosis in the primary care patients with unipolar depression who satisfy the DSM IV criteria of bip olar depression. Second aim was to investigate the usefulness of two screening instruments of testing Bipolar disorder and if patients with false positive results from these testing gears differ from manic patients in the study. For this purpose a total of 3117 patients were selected eligible from the data base of practitioners who fulfilled the criteria. Invitation sheets with HCL 32 and BSD questionnaire was sent to the participants. 576 patients replied with completed questionnaire and were divided in two groups and were reviewed according to age, gender and first diagnosis of depression and patients on continued medication. There were high scorers, scoring more than 13 or 14 in HCL and BSD’s and a group of low scorers with

Problems - questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problems - questions - Assignment Example Being focused at advertising a product or a service, marketing is imperative in creating customer loyalty. Additionally, it ensures long term positive relationship between a product and a consumer. Two key companies that have succeeded based on their effective marketing strategies are Coca-Cola and Nokia. Through their extensive advertising strategies Coca-Cola and Nokia have emerged as world leaders in the soft drink and telecommunication industries respectively. Section B Question 1 Market segmentation entails dividing the wide target market into group of consumers who have similar requirements. After dividing the large target market into subsets, a company then provides products and services that meet the needs of their consumers. Consumers market can be segmented according to geographic aspects, psychographic factors, consumer’s behaviors, occasion as well as benefits derived from the products (Kotler, et al 56). Targeting involves focusing at a particular group of custome rs and adopting appropriate marketing strategies to sell products on the targeted group. Being part of the market mix, target market is vital in ensuring the success of any product. According to Kurtz there are seven major steps that marketers can adopt in segmenting their market as depicted by the flow chart below. Selecting target audience Identification of customer needs Adopting valuation approach that includes barriers to entry and accessing market Testing the segment Modifying market mix Positioning entails creating a strong image in the minds of targeted audience regarding the products of an organization. Earlier on positioning emulated the consumers marketing however with the growth in technology; companies have adopted Google and yahoo among other internet sites to enhance competitive positioning (Ries and Trout 39). Major aspects that companies should utilize to ensure effective positioning of their brands includes products quality, effective distribution, extensive promot ion, attractive and secured packaging as well as affordable prices. Just like segmentation, companies that are focused at effective positioning of their brands can adopt six steps as depicted by the flow chart below. Identifying key competitors Understanding positioning strategies adopted by competitors Documenting the current positioning strategy adopted by the company Comparing the company positioning strategies with those of the competitors Establishing positioning that is value based Establishing an appropriate positioning statement supported by proper communication Question 2 Strategic planning entails defining the direction that an organisation will follow and making of essential decision regarding allocation of resources to attain the objectives of a company. By understanding the current position of a company, it is possible to emulate an effective course of action that will ensure the success of a company. In most cases a strategic planning covers a period of 5 years. One of the major components of a strategic plan is vision. Vision depicts what the organization wants to be. Secondly, a strategic plan should indicate the mission of a company. Mission indicates the basic purpose of a firm and the strategies it emulates in order to achieve its vision. For example, the mission of Coca-Cola Company is to provide quality brands that refresh the whole world. Value is

Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Branding - Essay Example The primary thing is that branding is not a straight jacketed, isolated and sterile activity that is totally severed from the nature of the product being branded, but is rather an aspect of the overall process of product designing, manufacturing and marketing (LePla & Parker 2). The primary purpose of branding is to educate the consumers regarding how a high quality and innovative product stands apart and is way ahead of the substitutes being offered by other competitors. The popular belief is that it takes loads of money to create a successful brand. Yet, the fact is that brands are built in the minds of the actual consumers. Hence, there is no consumer who does not want a product to be bereft of the time tested attributes like quality, utility, usability, durability, credibility, reliability and reputation. Therefore, if a company has a viable product that meets all these attributes and possibly a little extra, the concerned marketing experts can easily push that product into the c onsumer consciousness, within an affordable budget and some productive effort. Thereby, the primary purpose of branding is to bring to fore the key attributes that differentiate a successful product from its competitors, to be consistent about the claims it tends to make regarding a particular product and to make sure that the products stands by these claims when actually bought and used by the consumers, to identify and target the particular audience who have a need for that particular product and to educate and convince them regarding the product (LePla & Parker 5). Products like people have a character and a personality. However, in the recent times, marketing experts have been so entangled in the personality ethic that they have simply lost sight of the relevance of the overall character of a product. A branding approach based on personality ethic is more about believing that success of product is solely dependent on its public image and the mass perceptions associated with it ( Covey 19). In contrast a branding approach based on character ethics holds that if a product like a person is supported by a quintessential solidity of quality, character and integrity, it will definitely be able to hold on to and justify the image and perceptions being created about it, thereby leading to a successful brand (Covey 22). This is my essential belief about professional branding. Certainly, creating and managing consumer perceptions is important, but such perceptions are bound to fizzle out in the short term, if not backed by a product that is about quality, technology, utility, durability and reliability. Many apt examples do support this essential belief about branding. For instance, the success of many famous brands created by Apple like iPod and iPhone owe it to the fact that Apple places the consumer needs and requirements at the center of its closely integrated effort at product designing, manufacturing and marketing (Greg 1). The crux of Apple’s branding a pproach is to identify the consumer needs, to design and manufacture a quality product that fulfills those needs much better as compared to other competitors, and to eventually educate the consumers and highlight the key attributes of that product in a consistent and planned manner, thereby leading to a successful brand that is able to withstand the challenges posed by time and altering technologies. Take another

Brief Introduction of Abbottabad and Pakistani Support Network Essay Example for Free

Brief Introduction of Abbottabad and Pakistani Support Network Essay The world’s most wanted terrorist Osama bin Laden was killed on May 2, 2011 in a US Navy SEALs raid at a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. He was 54 years old at the time of his death. The news of Osama’s death spread like a wild fire in the entire world. It was a huge victory for the U.S. in the war against terrorism and to eradicate Al Qaeda and a huge defeat to Al Qaeda. The news created a mix reaction in the world. In the U.S., crowds of young and old poured out on streets late at night chanting â€Å"USA, USA† while half way across the world in Pakistan, where Osama was killed, crowds were enraged at his death, held rallies and chanted â€Å"death to America,† and held mock funerals in his honor. Before going in to the details of the background and aftermath of his death, a brief introduction of the city of Abbottabad is very significant which shows why Osama was staying there. Abbottabad is located in Northern Pakistan and is famous for its cool weather and beautiful terrain. It is the Aspen of Pakistan. Since, my family is from that region, hence growing up I used to spend my summers there. It was a summer getaway hill spot for us and the city was always crowded of tourists from across the world. It is a heaven for the retirees too. As Osama was getting old and weak, this city was a best place for him to stay as it had a mixture of both urban facilities and natural scenery. See more: how to start a paragraph According to the U.S government, Osama was hiding in Abbottabad for about five years as one headline at CNN’s website states, â€Å"Officials: Bin Laden complacent in Pakistan, no sign of escape plan.† The question arises how he got in Pakistan and was able to stay there and had no plans to flee. A hypothesis can be made that Osama had a deal with Pakistani intelligence agencies and was able to escape from Afghan mountains to a comfortable city of Abbottabad. This city houses Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) where every year thousands of army soldiers are trained. The whole city is built around Army barracks, schools and hospitals. The security of Army institutions and personnel had increased many folds due to the suicide attacks in recent years. A follow up question arises how Pakistani government and intelligence not knew where Osama was hiding. He was living peacefully under the nose of the military base camp. Living in Pakistan for 19 years, I often read this phrase in newspapers saying, â€Å"Even a bird can’t fly without the orders of ISI.† ISI is a famous Pakistani intelligence agency known for its role in South East Asian conflicts. ISI has been using jihadi militants to keep a check on Pakistani politicians, on Indians in Kashmir and on the government in Afghanistan. I personally think ISI knew where Osama bin Laden was, had a deal with him, provided him protection with a huge compound with barb wired high walls and security cameras and that is how he was able to stay so comfortably in Pakistan. I have absolutely no doubt that Pakistani intelligence did not know where he was. After Osama’s death, according to CNN’s website, Al Qaeda vowed to attack Pakistanis and Americans. Al Qaeda proclaimed that Osama’s death was because of â€Å"handful of traitors and thieves.† This statement clearly shows that Al Qaeda had a deal with handful of officials in Pakistani government or ISI to gain protection for their leader. Without Pakistanis protection, it would not have been possible for a foreigner like Osama, who could not even speak the local language, â€Å"hide† in Pakistan for several years. Works Cited: * Al Qaeda threats, terror plans surface. (06 May 2011). Retrieved from http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-06/world/pakistan.bin.laden_1_bin-laden-terrorist-network-sheikh-osama-al-qaeda?_s=PM:WORLD. Date accessed: 12 May 2011. * Starr, B., Benson, P. (12 May 2011). Officials: Bin Laden complacent in Pakistan, no sign of escape plan. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/12/us.bin.laden.compound/index.html?iref=allsearch. Date accessed: 12 May 2011. * Walsh, D., Adams R., MacAskill, E. Osama bin Laden is dead, Obama announces. (2 May 2011). Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/osama-bin-laden-dead-obama. Date accessed: 12 May 2011.

Child labour defined as economic exploitation

Child labour defined as economic exploitation CHILD LABOUR Child labour is unacceptable in developed countries for its negative impact and should be discouraged in every society. Child labour can be defined as economic exploitation and performing any work that is likely to be dangerous or hinder the childs education, and harmful to the childs health. Children under labour are denied their educational right and a normal childhood. Some children are restricted and beaten; some are denied freedom of movement that is, the right for them to leave the workplace and join their families while some are abducted and forced to work. Child labour deprives children of their childhood and their dignity. Many of the children in every society today work long hours for low or no wage, often under the conditions harmful to their health, physical and mental development. They are also deprived of an education and they may be separated from families. In my interview with Dr Quaye, a faculty member in American University of Nigeria, he stated that â€Å"Children who do not complete their primary education are likely to remain illiterate and never acquire the skills needed to get a job and contribute to the development of the current economy†. It was stated by United Nations Secretary General Kofi, Annan that â€Å"Child labour has serious consequences that stay with the individual and with society for longer than the years of childhood†. Young workers not only face dangerous working conditions but they also face long-term physical, intellectual and emotional stress. They face an adulthood of unemployment and illiteracy. Furthermore, child labour occurs because of the high level of poverty and lack of development. For example, there were these two kids in my own town Benin, Osagie and Uwa. Their parents were very poor and had no jobs, because of the level of hardship their parents were facing; these kids were forced to work in a block industry for there were no other alternative than sending their kids to work. At the workplace these kids were tortured by their employers. They were beaten anytime they made a little mistake and they were given heavy load of blocks to carry. This over a long period of time stunted their growth. More also, there was a case of an abused eighteen year old girl in Casablanca. She narrates her story I started working when I was fourteen, my mother died when I was twelve. I lived with my fathers wife. We needed money so I went to work. It was me and my half sister, who is now eight years old. My fathers wife works now [that I dont work anymore], but I havent seen her for a year. A neighbor found me the job. I wanted to commit suicide, but then I thought, â€Å"No one will miss me.† So I went to the neighbor and she found me work in Casablanca. We were very poor and I didnt see a way out. The work was prostitution, and I thought that killing myself would be better morally than dying of AIDS from prostitution but I had no choice, I have to do it. (Human Rights watch 2005). Therefore, child labour is a source of income for poor families. A study conducted by the international labour organization (ILO) agent of statistics found that â€Å"childrens work was considered essential to maintaining the economics level of households, either in the form of work for wages, of help in household enterprises or of household tasks in order to free adult household members for economics activity elsewhere† (Mehra Kerpelman 1996, pg 8). In some cases, the study found that a childs income accounted for was 34 to 37 percent of the total household income. The study concludes by pointing to the population of people living in India â€Å"the percentage of the population of India living in poverty is high. In 1990, 37% of the urban population and 39% of the rural population were living in poverty† (International labour organization 1995, 107). Poverty has an obvious relation with child labour, and study have â€Å"revealed positive links in some case a strong one between child labour and such factors as poverty† (Mehra Kerpelman 199, 8). Family that are poor need money to survive and their children are the only solution. They thought by sending their children to work, will yield more income to their financial aims. In addition, child trafficking led to child labour. Receipt of a child for the purpose of sexual or labour exploitation, severe physical abuse, as in a case cited by Human Rights watch report, Contemporary form of slavery. Pakistan: July, 1995. Two year ago at the age of seven, Anwar started weaving carpets in a village in Pakistans province of sindh. He was given some food, little free time and no medical assistance. He was told repeatedly that he could not stop working until he earned enough money to pay an alleged family debt. He was never told who in his family had borrowed money or how much he had borrowed. Any time he made an error with his work, he was fined and the debt increased. Once when his work was considered to be too slow, he was beaten with stick. Once after a particularly painful beating, he tried to run away, only to be apprehended by the local police who forcibly returned him to the carpet looms. More also, thousands of children are also bought and sold within and across national borders. They are trafficked for sexual exploitation, for begging, and for work on construction sites, plantations and into domestic work. The vulnerability of these children is even greater when they arrive in another country. Often they do not have contact with their families and are at mercy of their employer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For child labour to be totally eradicated these things must be fully met. Firstly, the government of every society should ensure that the needs of the poor are met before attacking child labour. If poverty is totally addressed, the need for child labour will diminish. No matter how hard the society try, child labour will always exist until the need for it is removed. The development of the society is being held back by child labour. Children are growing up as illiterates because they have been working all of their life and not attending school. Sequential rate of poverty is formed and the need for child labour is reborn after every generation. Every society that is affected by this act of child labour, need to address the situation by dealing with the primary cause of child labour through the governmental policies and the enforcement of these policies. Only then will the society succeed in the fight against child labour. Secondly, government should try improving schooling and health care in general will help child labourers because if children are healthy and well educated, they will grow to up to help their society which will become a better place. For instance, making education compulsory and free will motivate most parents to send their children to schools, instead of engaging them in commercial jobs. Finally, employers should not use child labour in ways that are socially unacceptable and that lead to a child losing his or her educational opportunities. The difficulty of the issue of child labour means that companies need to address the issue sensitively, and not take action which may force working children into more abusive forms of work.

The Psychosis Case Study Nursing Essay

The Psychosis Case Study Nursing Essay Rational: Episodes of strange behaviors for at least last three months with withdrawal from activities and relationships, undocumented behavior history among relationships and age period of 18-20 years, past episodes of psychosis may be undocumented. Delusion of being a member of CIA and able to communicate telepathically, and auditory hallucination of male voice telling not fulfilling mission, client is a shame to the country, and will be Presidentially reprimanded. Staff observed as enemy agents and fearful in interactions, blank stares at the wall, angry outbursts, and lack of emotional expression. Mother has noted client to be returning home smelling of alcohol and discovered strange pills in bureau drawer (Osterman, 2012). Axis II: Deferred, pending further assessment. Axis III: No medical problem stated by client or mother. Axis IV: Problem related to: Primary support group: few friendships, shades are drawn. Educational problems: failing grades from not attending or completing assignments. Occupational problems: probation at employer for missed days. Primary support problems: discord with brother, break-up of four year relationship three months ago (Osterman, 2012) (American Psychological Association, 2000). Axis V: 25-30, auditory hallucinations, delusions of grandeur, attempt to jump from third floor window, poor attendance of job or school (Osterman, 2012) (American Psychological Association, 2000). Plan of Care The plan for the client at this stage of presentation is an inpatient hospitalization and initiation of an antipsychotic medication. The underlying rational is that the client is a danger to himself and possibly others as proven by the attempt to jump from a third floor window, a perceived duty to country, and perception of others as enemy secret agents (Osterman, 2012). The long-term plan for the client is to decrease hallucinations and delusions while educating client and family on coping skills and illness, inclusive of assessment for best placement of client for self and family. Initial plan of care is: to hospitalize the client; start him on Zyrexa 20 mg daily, initial IM with change over to PO as compliance increases (Stahl, 2011); check blood chemistries through a CBC, Chem panel (electrolytes, BUN/Cr, Ca, Phos, TSH, LFT, B12, Folate), UA with urine toxicology screen; and initiate oral supplements of Thiamin/Folate/MVI to address possible deficiencies. Further, as the clients mentation clears assessment will be made to investigate appropriateness for alcoholics anonymous referral, smoking cessation education with treatment of 14 mcg Nicoderm patch daily for 6 weeks, and intensive outpatient treatment services as manifested psychosis of hallucinations, delusions, breaks in reality, and catatonia may be symptoms of a clinical condition resultant from drugs or toxins (Jacobson and Tarraza, 2013). During hospitalization, the clients home will be searched for access to weapons and all medications will be locked up, family counseling and anger management sessions are initiated, individual cognitive therapy sessions conducted to modify thought patterns, and therapeutic touch utilized to ground the clients mentation in the here and now. Discharge planning for the client should include intensive outpatient treatment inclusive of medication management, individual and group CBT sessions, and anger management sessions with arrangements for activities that reconnect the client with social supports including consideration of enrollment in online classes at the community college attending and modification of job expectations at place of employment. The goals of this client should address short and long-term domains. The short-term goals for the client are hospitalization for safety, consistent attendance at inpatient groups with peers while hospitalized, attain daily medication compliance, increase engagement with others in the inpatient unit, manifest decreased delusions and hallucinations, and evidence decreased behaviors of self-harm. The long-term goals are to engage in activities with old friends, attend outpatient therapy at a minimum of three times weekly, sustained medication compliance in outpatient follow-up, maintain functionality at school and job, and return to living independently either at home or in a group home. Interventions The clients short-term goals can be categorized into issues of safety and issues of disease management. First, issues of safety may be addressed through initiation and maintenance of hospitalization. Hospitalization allows for the daily administration and monitoring of medication providing a means for assessing the hallucinations and delusions in an environment that can provide safety from intentional self-harm or accidental harm from medication effects. Further, the establishment of a therapeutic relationship with a staff of caregivers during hospitalization provides a framework for the client to increase socialization with others among a system of daily therapy that teaches coping skills and reality testing for recognizing safety from actions of hallucinations. Second, issues of disease management are met through education about diagnosis, medications, and coping skills. Education about diagnosis provided daily empowers the client with an understanding of how hallucinations are man ifest in delusions and allows the client security in building relationships with others. Medication education performed with all administrations builds an understanding by the client of how medications are controlling symptoms recognized as hallucinations and allows him to feel comfortable in engaging others in the milieu. Therapy provided in groups and individual sessions daily may address automatic thoughts, perception of thoughts, cognitive impairments, and behaviors manifest with thoughts to assist the client in learning coping skills and reality testing, inclusive of therapeutic touch for centering the consciousness within the self for unblocking of negative thoughts and grounding in immediate reality, for distinguishing what is real from what is a hallucination (Tusaie, 2013). Properly addressing issues of safety and disease management allows the clinician to assess a progression of evidence in decreased behaviors of self-harm and decreasing of hallucinations to meet the short -term goal of stabilization for determining proper discharge placement and monitoring. The long-term goals for the client are categorized as issues of returning to normal functional activities of daily living and issues of disease management with symptom suppression. Primarily, issues of return to daily functional activity are the most important goals for the client in accepting and managing disease symptoms. The client will be coached by cognitive behavioral therapy at outpatient therapy appointments three times weekly in how to engage in activities such as basketball games, group outings with old friends, maintenance of work requirements, and attendance at school classes without manifesting assumptions or automatic thoughts. Staff will support the client in all therapy sessions to find the best living arrangement for his perception of safety, whether returning to living independently at home or in a group home, as evidenced by decrease in behaviors of self-harm in the setting. Family therapies will be conducted monthly to educate the client and family about disease a nd symptom management, as well as to train the family in skills of early detection with intervention and support. Second, issues of disease symptom suppression will be addressed through the clients attendance of intensive outpatient treatment with therapy and medication education/management at a minimum of three times weekly with attendance at a minimum of 90% of sessions. Efficacy of interventions may be assessed by the clinician in evidenced sustained medication compliance and decreased symptoms of hallucinations and delusions in outpatient follow-up for a period of six months. Outcomes The outcomes of this client is anticipated to be a return to an individual living home environment with sustained disease symptom management manifest through lack of self-harm behaviors and consistent medication compliance. The goal of symptom management is reached over a three-month period of diminished hallucinations and delusions through consistent use of an antipsychotic that controls auditory hallucinations and daily utilization of therapeutic touch to ground the energy of negative cognitions among reality for distinction. Further, progression of placement in an environment of safety is followed in a pattern of most restrictive to least restrictive environment, typically manifest as hospitalization with transition to group home environment and then to a home environment with daily contact progressively lengthening between contacts as absence of symptoms or problems dictates. Additionally, the client will maintain a job and continue in education endeavors over a one-year period t hrough utilization of newly acquired coping skills for symptom or hallucination reduction and reconnection with previous support system of friends and family. Finally, the client and family will understand the manifestation of disease with perceived hallucinations and symptom management through monthly family therapy sessions.

The Radical Republican Party of the Reconstruction Era Essay -- Carpetb

During the Reconstruction Era of the Civil War, a two new political groups began to form. The Radical Republican Party gained some of its greatest members, two groups of people from opposite sides of the country (Hodges 1). The carpetbaggers and scalawags joined forces to reconstruct the South, but they were met with controversy and criticism because of their radical worldview (Hodges 1). The carpetbaggers and scalawags’ goals were met with controversy then, but the group can be attributed with one of the first Civil Rights attempts within the South among other great achievements (Coleman â€Å"Affect on Reconstruction† 1). The Radical Republican Party encompassed both the carpetbaggers and the scalawags (Hodges 1). The carpetbaggers were newly joined members of the Republican Party that moved from the North to the South to make money from the South’s poverty and in turn help begin the Reconstruction in the South (Hodges 1; Muhammad 1). The â€Å"carpetbagger† label could encompass any well educated member of the middle class (â€Å"Carpetbaggers and Scalawags† 2). During the Reconstruction Era, large numbers of people were traveling from the North to the South (Muhammad 1). Since there was such a large number of people traveling during that time, a cheap way to carry luggage was in high demand (Muhammad 1). So â€Å"carpetbags†, which where made from old carpets, were manufactured (Muhammad 1). This bag held the owner’s only possessions, specifically for the carpetbaggers as they headed south (Muhammad 1). On the other hand, scalawags were Southerners who disliked secession or had fought for the Union Army (Hodges 1). The â€Å"scalawag† label encompassed wealthy southern landowners, displaced carpetbaggers, black freedman, former Whigs, poor S... ...a of Arkansas History and Culture. The Central Arkansas Library System. October 26 2011. February 5 2014. Harris, Rodney. â€Å"Minstrels [Political Faction].† The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. The Central Arkansas Library System. October 26 2011. February 5 2014. Hodges, Mary Frances. â€Å"Carpetbaggers and Scalawags.† The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. The Central Arkansas Library System. October 26 2011. January 30 2014. Muhammad, Brian. â€Å"Carpetbaggers in Reconstruction: Definition, Lesson & Quiz.† Education Portal. January 30 2014. Richards, Adam. â€Å"Scalawags in the Civil War: Definition, Lesson, & Quiz.† Education Portal. January 30 2014. Sansing, David G. â€Å"Adelbert Ames: Twenty-seventh and Thirtieth Governor of Mississippi: 1868-1870; 1874-1876.† Mississippi History NOW. Mississippi Historical Society. December 2003. February 5 2014.

The Most Suitable Material for a Backpackers Towel :: Backpacking Towels Essays

The Most Suitable Material for a Backpacker's Towel Chemistry: Data Analysis for the most suitable material for a backpacker’s towel. Method ====== In groups, we tested three different types of material (named pale blue, dark blue and brown) to find out which one would be more suitable as a backpacker’s towel. The criteria that would make a good backpacker’s towel would be aspects such as a low density, high absorpancy, rapid drying etc. We weighed the fabric before wetting it and weighing it again. We then hung it on some suspended string and let a rotating fan dry them for fifteen minutes. After this time was up, we weighed the materials again in order to work out the drying rate, the absorpancy and the amount of water lost. We then recorded our results in a table (displayed further on) and analysed these to come to a conclusion. The formulas I used were as follows: Absorbency – wet towel mass – dry towel mass/dry towel mass Water Lost – Wet mass – Dry mass Drying Rate – (Water Lost/Time [15]) x 60 to give [g/hr] Density – Mass Dry/Area to give [g/cm squared] Interpretation ============== Part of the criteria that adds to what makes a backpacker’s towel is a high absorbency. The graph shows that the Pale Blue fabric had the highest absorbency and no anomalies, indicating accurate results. The least absorbent fabric is the brown. The Pale blue fabric absorbency ranges from 2.1 to 4.2. The Dark Blue fabric’s absorbency ranges from 1.7 to 3.2 with one higher anomaly and the brown fabric’s absorbency ranges from 1 to 2.9, with one higher anomaly. What also makes a good backpacker’s towel is rapid drying, i.e. a high drying rate. The fabric with the highest drying rate is, again, the pale blue one. The ranges I have devised on both graphs do not include the anomalies, and I will go further into this in my evaluation. The pale blue data for drying rate shows a very high anomaly and a very low one, with the data taken into consideration ranging from 14 to 52.5. The Dark Blue fabric ranges from 12.5 to 39.5, with two higher anomalies and the brown fabric ranges from 18.5 to 42.5 with 1 anomaly. To summarise, the brown fabric had the lowest absorbency, then the dark blue and then the pale blue. The dark blue fabric had the lowest drying rate, then the brown fabric and then the pale blue fabric. To conclude, the pale blue fabric was identified, from interpreting my graphs, as the best fabric for a backpacker’s towel, so at this point the pale blue fabric would probably be better that the dark blue and

Isolation and Alienation of Troy in Wilsons Fences Essay -- August Wi

     Ã‚   August Wilson's Fences is a play about life, and an extended metaphor Wilson uses to show the disintegrating relationships between Troy and Cory and Troy and Rose. Troy Maxson represents the dreams of black America in a predominantly white world, a world where these dreams were not possible because of the racism and attitudes that prevailed. Troy Maxson is representative of many blacks and their "attitudes and behavior...within the social flux of the late fifties, in their individual and collective struggles to hew a niche for themselves in the rocky social terrain of postwar America" (Pereria, 37). Much of the tension in the play stems from Troy Maxson, and his inability to change, his, "refusal to accept the fact that social conditions are changing for the black man" (Pereria, 37). Troy's wife, Rose, recognizes this early on, saying to him, "Times have changed from when you was young, Troy. People change. The world's changing around you and you can't even see it" (Wilson, 40). This inability to change diversely affects Troy's relationship with his second son, Cory, who is a promising athlete. Sports provide the arena for the continuing conflict and foreshadows the characteristic that will eventually lead to Troy's downfall. There is a constant struggle between Troy and Cory because Troy will not allow his son to pursue his athletic dreams, telling him instead to keep his after-school job. This stems from Troy's past, when he was a promising baseball player who was prevented from playing because he was black. Troy's fears carry into the new generation when he prevents his son from pursuing a football scholarship because of his past, even though the world was changing at this time, and colored people were expanding into... ...: 2000. Web. 24 June 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2903299?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Nadel, Alan. May All Your Fences Have Gates: Essays on the Drama of August Wilson. University of Iowa Press, U.S.:1994. Web. 22 June 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3042198?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Pereira, Kim. August Wilson and the African American Odyssey. University Of Illinois Press, Chicago:1995. Web. 27 June 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3042485?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Shannon, Sandra G. The Dramatic Vision of August Wilson. Howard University Press, Washington D.C.:1995. Web. 29 June 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2901368?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Wilson, August. Fences. Penguin Books U.S.A. Inc., New York:1986. Wolfe, Peter. August Wilson: Twayne's United States Authors Series. Ed. Frank Day. Twayne Publishers, New York, 1999.

Personal Response William Butler Yeats Essay

â€Å"William Butler Yeats deals with an interesting variety of subjects and his poetry is full of powerful images and impressive descriptions. Discuss.† Submitted by Hollie McLaughlin. I very much enjoy reading the poetry of William Butler Yeats. What I like about the poetry is the multi-faceted man who emerges. In Inisfree he is the searching, restless 25 year old, looking to nature as a kind of redemptive force. In ‘September 1913’ he is the ardent political critic of the soul-destroying materialism. In ‘Easter 1916’ he is again many-sided, the man who commemorates the great heroes and is able to confess he was wrong about their existence, as well as the man painfully aware of war’s wastage of youthful potential. My favourite, ‘The Wild Swans at Coole’, is Yeats as the disillusioned man whose â€Å"heart is sore†, the man of â€Å"unrequited love†, the man aware of mortality. In ‘Sailing to Byzantium’, Yeats symbolises universal man in search of meaning and permanence amid the transience of life. Who couldn’t be intrigued by this man! In ‘The Lake Isle of Inisfree’, Yeats echoes for me, the longing we all experience at times to escape the urban jungle, the â€Å"pavements grey†. This grim image of oppression is something many people have to face worldwide. A frequent reoccurrence in the poetry of William Butler Yeats is his idea of an idyllic utopia. I quite liked the discrepancy between his two blissful paradises. In ‘The Lake Isle of Inisfree’ he speaks of the bucolic lifestyle found in Ireland. This poem represents Yeats’ Irish heritage. â€Å"I hear it in the deep heart’s core†. The second poem in which Yeats depicts a great fondness of a particular place is ‘Sailing to Byzantium’. It is said that Yeats has always had a profound interest in the Greek civilisation of Byzantium. There is a great contrast presented between these two ideal worlds of his, these being a sort of mythical place in comparison to a mere county Sligo. In my opinion, I believe that Yeats is a master of rhyme. When reading his poems, they tend to flow very easily off your tongue. I find this can make a person who doesn’t particularly like reading poetry, feel it to be quite simple and enjoyable to read. His poems never seem forced, they don’t sound artificial or contrived. It is as if he didn’t even plan out his poetry and  what he was going to write, he just grabbed a pen and allowed the poem to write itself with ease. The poem which I think is the best example for Yeats’ rhythmic quality of writing is ‘The Lake Isle of Inisfree’. Here, I find the rhythm to be almost hypnotic, with the use of long vowel sounds and long slow lines throughout. This hypnotic rhythm carries you away to a dream world, an idyllic utopia. I also find that the last two lines in Yeats’ poem ‘September 1913’ captures his sense of hopelessness and disillusionment with the Ireland of 1913. â€Å"But let them be, they’re dead and gone, they’re with O’Leary in the grave†. I very much enjoyed Yeats’ use of repetition throughout his poetry. From sentence to sentence he often repeats words. Some examples of this may be found when reading the poem ‘The Lake Isle of Inisfree’. â€Å"I will arise and go now and go†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And I shall have some peace there for peace comes dropping slow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Was it for this the wild geese spread, for this that all the blood was shed.† Yeats is often famed for adhering to his use of a strong complex personal mythology which he illustrates throughout his poems by the means of symbolism. Symbols appear in a number of Yeats’ poems and this is a thing that I quite like about his poetry, there are deeper meanings behind the words you read. The complexities of these symbols vary between poems but for the most part they are used to portray or add to the portrayal of the transience of time. Firstly a very simple symbolic message can be observed in the poem â€Å"The Wild Swans at Coole†. As Yeats ponders the transience of time and recounts how it has passed him, he exemplifies the messages through the elegant, youthful swans. I believe this is the one exception to the above statement as the metaphor of the swans is very clear cut. â€Å"And scatter wheeling in great broken ring.† â€Å"Upon their clamorous wings.† The swans seem to show little exertion in what they are doing, which Yeats uses to amplify his lack of physical strength and ability as he is but an ageing man. The theme of time and the use of symbols can be seen at numerous points throughout the poem ‘Sailing to Byzantium’. Although admittedly this poem is, to a great extent, more complex than ‘The Wild Swans at Coole’. I feel no shame in admitting that this poem is a lot more difficult to fully comprehend and it took more time to understand the symbols and the meaning of the poem in its entirety. In the title, I think that the use of the word  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsailing’ doesn’t mean to be sailing literally, but instead he uses it the mode of transport that is sailing as a metaphor of the journey of ageing. This poem represents Yeats’ journey through life, as he is approaching old age. â€Å"An aged man is but a paltry thing, / A tattered coat upon a stick.† Yeats becomes yet again captivated by the idea of aging and symbols present themselves once more in ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ as he looks to solidify himself for eternity. Two symbols are directly related to his obsession with the transience of time and ideas of immortality. First of all there is the â€Å"perne in a gyre†, which, because of its circular nature, will never stop spinning. Circles are also often associated with continuity of life. The second symbol is not mentioned by name, but instead inferred while discussing the products of â€Å"Grecian goldsmiths†. These goldsmiths produced some of the greatest ornaments of all time, which even today are still preserved. Yeats did not want to ever become reincarnated into the body of another living thing, but to remain beautiful and eternal in an object such as a piece of artwork. The symbols Yeats uses are personally my favourite aspects of his poetry as they force you to think deeper into the meaning of what he is actually trying to say or depict. And finally one great thing about the poetry of William Butler Yeats is his use of ordinary, everyday language. I feel that his use of quite simple and non-complex words results in there being a wider range of people reading his poetry. He takes ordinary language and arranges it in a way that gives them an almost poetic rhythm. An example may be seen in the line â€Å"the trees are in their autumn beauty, the woodland paths are dry.† In the poem ‘The Wild Swans at Coole’. In conclusion, I feel that Yeats does deal with a wide range of different topics, with the use of powerful imagery and impressive descriptions. Yeats’ unique pessimism resonates through the well-crafted lines of his work which effectively portray his sometimes equivocal views. The poetry of William Butler Yeats intrigues me greatly, particularly because of his use of symbols throughout and I very much enjoy ruminating on the meanings within.

Determinants of Satisfaction on Smartphones Among Students (Malaysia)

A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS BY EMMANUEL PANPALAN RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DEGREE OF BA (HONS) ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE LEVEL 6/ YEAR 3 IN TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY & SEGI UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA 14 DECEMBER 2012 TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES PROJECT REPORT CERTIFICATION 1. I confirm that the work in this Project Report is original and has been carried out by me as part of my programme of study. 2.I confirm that all secondary material has been properly acknowledged by me and referenced in this work. Signed:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Name: EMMANUEL A/L PANPALAN Date: 14th December 2012 Course: B. A. (HONS) IN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE 2 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS ACKNOWLEGDEMENT Thank you is a very small word compare to the support that I get for completing this research paper. Firstly, I would like to thank Ms. Hung Mun Siew for un-dividing time, advices, comments and encouragements which really a booster to perform well. God bless her works.Secondly, I would like to convey my gratitude to my parents for being there and providing Love, resource, space, necessity and moral support at needed times. Thirdly, I would like to convey my gratitude to my friends who are there for me, who I can call at any time for their advice for fulfilling this paper. Fourthly, to all respondents for my survey, thank you for helping me through responding to the survey that been distributed. Lastly, to the Almighty God who had given me this opportunity to fulfill this task. -Merci Beacoup- 3 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSABSTRACT Smart phones usage and sales have bomb overnight. Smart phones are expected to be as influential as it will be seen as necessity rather than luxury. There are few advantages of smart phones one of it is wireless internet, interactivity, mobility and flexibility, furthermore, facilitates the potential adoption of new mobile applications. Therefore, it is necessary to know the behavior of users and the possibility of user to satisfy with their smart phones. The purpose of this study is to find out what really drives satisfaction which is usefulness, understandability, ease of use and enjoyment of smart phones.This research has to be done to maintain and to hike up the usage and sales. This research could be helpful to industry and users of all smart phones technology based industries. In this research, 250 questionnaires will be passed to SEGI college student to answer and the result will be analyzed using SPSS software. 4 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS TITLE PAGE PAGE NUMBER 1 PROJECT REPORT CERTIFICATION 2 ACKNOWLEDGEME NT 3 ABSTRACT 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 LIST OF TABLES 8 LIST OF DIAGRAMS 9 CHAPTER1 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 INTRODUCTION Background of Study Problem statement Motivation of Study Research Objectives Research Questions Hypotheses Significance of study 10 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 5 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 8 1. 9 Structure of Dissertation Summary 14 15 CHAPTER 2 2. 0 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 Literature Review Introduction Satisfaction Usefulness Understandability Enjoyment Ease of use Conceptual Framework Summary 16 16 16 17 19 21 23 25 25 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3. 0 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3. 6 3. 7 3. 8 3. 9 3. A Introduction Research Design Research Methodology Questionnaire Design Sample Sampling Frame Data collection Method Statistical technique Pilot test Limitation Summary 26 27 27 28 30 31 31 32 33 34 34 6 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4. 1 4. 2 4 . 3 4. 4 4. 5 4. 6 Introduction Rate of Response Demographic Details Factor Analysis Regression Summary 35 35 35 35 41 50 51 CHAPTER 5 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 5 APPENDIX REFERENCES ETHICAL CONCLUSION Introduction Conclusion Recommendation Reflection Summary 52 52 52 52 53 54 55 65 69 7A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS LIST OF TABLES TABLE Table 3. 8. 1 Table 3. 8. 2 Table 4. 2. 1 Table 4. 2. 2 Table 4. 3. 1 Table 4. 3. 2 Table 4. 3. 3 Table 4. 3. 4 Table 4. 3. 5 Table 4. 4. 1 Table 4. 4. 2 Table 4. 4. 3 Table 4. 4. 4 Table 4. 5 DESCRIPTION Case Processing Summary Reliability Statistics Case Processing Summary Reliability Statistics Gender Education Field of study Brand Age analysis Correlation for Usefulness Correlation for Understandability Correlation for Enjoyment Correlation for Ease of Use Regression PAGE NUMBER 33 33 35 35 36 37 39 39 41 43 44 47 49 51 8A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS LIST OF DIAG RAMS DIAGRAM 4. 3. 1 4. 3. 2 4. 3. 4 4. 3. 5 DESCRIPTION Gender Education Field of Study Brand PAGE NUMBER 37 39 41 42 9 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses the background of study, Problem statement, motivation of study, research objective, research question, hypotheses, significance of study, and structure of dissertation. 1. 1 – Background of study In this world where rapid is not a word and when technology is no longer a luxury but a necessity.It is really important for the manufacturer to come up with innovative idea to match new technological world. Smartphone is expected to be a conqueror in mobile phones world as the user of Smartphone application is growing day by day. The reason smart phone is so influential is because of its functions. As example, wireless internet connection, interactivity, mobility and flexibility, which also potential to new mobile application. Currently , the usage of cell phones has raised up rapidly and a drastic change over past decade. Smart phones currently are used to enhance social relationships.And they have change due to time and advancement of technology. A study shows that 43% of Australian and 17% of Malaysian are using smartphone and that number is increasing rapidly (Ellis 2011). Some of examples of smartphones are the iPhone by Apple Inc, Galaxy series by Samsung, blackberry, HTC and many more. Smart phones are designed in an utmost way where their functions and features would match the needs of their users in these case are students. Smartphones function as both mobile communication devices and computers, and allow people to use them to connect to the internet. It’s expected that internet-capable mobile devices will be the most common way for people to access the internet by 2013? (Ellis 2011) 10 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS According to an industry review by The I nsight Research Corporation (IRC) the Asia-Pacific region has had a compound annual growth rate of 17. 9 percent over the past decade, buoyed by China and India. There are over 800 million cell phone subscribers today in China alone. (Anusha Sethuraman, May 6, 2011). Moreover, dependence on social relationships, the technologies are improved to suit people’s desire and needs.These ever improving technologies tend to change the lifestyle and habits of their users who would demand for more improvements. The foregoing process would be cyclic and would not end unless other new technologies are developed and replace the original technologies. Thus, when publishing changes, society will also change. Global sales are ramping up too. By the second quarter of 2011 mobile phone sales to end users totaled 325. 6 million units, a 13. 8 percent increase from the same period in 2010, according to Garner, Inc. Of these sales, 19 percent were accounted for by smart phones.To catch up these f igures it is really vital to build satisfaction among users. (Mark Brownlow, April 2012) it is expected a certain matter would make user to continue support thus, sustain in the business. 11 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 2 – Problem statement Although, the usage of smartphone is widely accepted in Malaysian lifestyle, there a still UN-satisfy people who still have a doubt in using a smartphone, and people who using one don’t realize all this expect in their life.This research believed to help to boost the usage of smartphones and company who manufacturing improve in times to come. 1. 3 – Motivation of study The purpose of this research is to investigate the key factors that determine the satisfaction of smart phone among students in Malaysia. In other word, determinants of students will be studied using four factors, Perceived usefulness, perceived understandability, perceived enjoyment, and perceived ease of use. S imply the Motivation of the study is to understand the need of users which determining their satisfaction. . 4 – Research objectives: (R01) : To identify the factors that drives satisfaction to use the Smartphone applications, (R02) : To identify whether understandability on smart phones will effect satisfaction (R03) : To identify whether easy of using the smart phones will effect satisfaction (R04) : To identify whether enjoyment of using Smart phones effect satisfaction 12 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 5 – Research question: (RQ1) : Does the usefulness of smart phones will lead to satisfaction? RQ2) : Does understandability on smart phones will effect satisfaction? (RQ3) : Does handiness of using smart phones effect satisfaction? (RQ4) : Does enjoyment plays main a role in satisfaction in smart phones? 1. 6 – Hypothesis: H1a: usefulness has impact on satisfaction H1b: understandability has impact on satisfaction H1c: enjoyment has impact on satisfaction H1d: ease of using has impact on Satisfaction 1. 7 – Significance of study: To improve users and industry of smart phone, this research will open up bigger scope of knowledge regarding smart phones and their usage.It will be particularly be beneficial for future telecommunication companies and phone makes. They can work together to provide better service in rapidly changing world. 13 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 8 – Structure of Dissertation There are five chapters discussed in this study. Chapter one is the introduction where the background of smartphones is explained briefly, followed by the problem statement of the dissertation, the research aim and objectives, the scope of this study, and also the contribution of this study.In chapter two of this study, secondary sources are used to collect the information on determinants which make students satisfy with their smartphones. The critical points of this study are reviewed using the findings in the journal articles theoretically. This chapter is meant to update the user of this study with the related literatures of this research and also as a guide for future studies. Chapter three of this research is the research methodology. In this chapter, the research design and methodology are discussed. Also the purpose and design of the survey instrument which is the questionnaires has been explained.The conceptual framework, pilot testing, data collection method, sample used for this study, data analysis, and also the limitation of research methodology has been explained. Next in chapter four the data analysis results are discussed. The data gained from the survey are analyzed using the SPSS software. The findings on the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable were tested along with the hypotheses. Finally chapter five of this study is focused on the conclusion and recommendations o f this study.Relevant tables and diagram has also been included in this research for easier understanding of the user of this study. 14 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 9 – Summary In conclusion, as above the background, Problem statement, motivation, objectives, questions, hypotheses and significance has been identified for the research. 15 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0 – Introduction This chapter discusses literature review, summary and conceptual framework.That related to research. 2. 1 – Satisfaction In 1965’s Rolling stones famed with a song called Satisfaction, which goes I can't get no satisfaction, I can't get no satisfaction, ‘Cause I try and I try and I try and I try I can't get no, I can't get no. that portrays perfectly and speaks about human nature. Although it just a song lyric, it raise a question what exactly is s atisfaction they also speaks of difficulties an individual might face from trying try to get satisfaction from consumption, usage, institution, government and relationship. (Richard, 2010) According to oxford ictionaries defined satisfaction as fulfillment of one’s wishes, expectations, or needs, or the pleasure derived from it. Satisfaction is derived from Latin Satis, where it means (enough) and Facere means (to do or make). It can be taken as a product or service where one makes a point to say enough I am fulfilled. Customer satisfaction can be precisely defined as psychological state which happen when emotion of surrounding disconfirmed expectation is combined with the consumer’s feelings about the experience before and present. (Richard, 1981) 16 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSThe user satisfaction which is student in this case is really important because it relate to other important variables. This often proved as a succe ss on how a determinant relate with the satisfactions. This will unconsciously lead to success, sustainability, intention to buy more, and customer loyalty. It is important factor to remember also that a consumer who satisfied will have a continuous expectation and to meet it up is a challenge for any business. (Liao c, 2009) and satisfaction is really vital for students as their heart can change so fast according to circumstances. 2. – Usefulness In this rapid changing world, it is hard to sustain the interest of students for one certain thing. For example: if smartphones are not as needed by student they might switch to notepad and so on. So it is really important for any smart phone producer to pack their stuff which can still keep the flame. Usefulness is rooted back from the word useful which means capable of doing or achieving something positive that brings advantage (Macmillan Dictionary, 2011). It goes same to the smart phones usefulness if the usefulness is significa nt there is chance it can create satisfaction if a particular task could be done. Hsi-Peng Lu, Philip Yu-Jen Su, 2009) A user will believe that a system has a positive use-performance relationship if the system has high perceived usefulness (Davis, 1989). 17 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Other than that, a smart phones study that is based on 7,275 smart phone customer experiences, found that smart phone users who access social media sites like Facebook and Twitter through their mobile device report a 783 satisfaction rating. This is about 22 points higher than those who do not access social networks on their smart phones.This shows the usefulness do impact the satisfaction (Daily tech. com, 2012). In other research by Hsi-Peng Lu, and Philip Yu-Jen Su, 2009 stated that value has significant value is on customer satisfaction. It also state that value is at heart of what consumers needs from business. (Babin et al. , 1994) In other research it been said as new world emerging there will be a difference in education design too. Learning design is perceived as a lifelong journey of learning and continues education. This is not simple, as learning environment also has to take into account.It is difficult matter where learner and technologies come together, in both party must come together and adapt their framework. Nevertheless organizations and students should know mobile learning is really essential and it is one form of satisfaction where everything can be done anywhere. (Ana Dias, 2012) Lastly, it’s great to see how many uses a smartphones can provide a student, Mobile map, satellite view, Wikipedia items, cultural events, photos sharing, parking places, movies, restaurants, social media, It can also be said world is in a palm.All this necessity that smartphone met create satisfaction not only with students but even working adults. (Martijn Pannevis, 2007) 18 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTP HONES AMONG STUDENTS 2. 3 – Understandability Understandability is an act where user knows how to use particular applications and knows the elements of smart phones. In a July 2011 Modapt Inc Morrissey & Company conducted an online survey focused on the mobile Web experience. People like using their smart phones to obtain information, but are often frustrated by trying to navigate clumsy user interfaces and download data.And the result shows in that understandability do plays vital role in satisfaction. (Seybold report, 2011) And another Malaysian report stated that understandability do make a differences in creating satisfaction. It stated that men are more indulge in gaming and accessories which can be really fast frustrated if they can’t understand the system works which cause less satisfaction. (Mohd Azam Osman, 2011) In another study behavior of certain user is taken into account. The main one is Anxiety it is refer as negative emotions in cognitive states. These emotions evoke actual or imaginary interactions with mobile using.Igbaria,Iivari (1995, p. 593) goes on to say, person who experience high level anxiety are more fond to behave rigidly then person who have low. In short, people are expected to be relax and avoid any kind feelings that invoke anxious (Compeau and Higgins, 1995), especially when they operating smartphones. On the other hand person who understand and comfortable are more likely to feel satisfy. As an example, when the customers are in payment processes, they worry about pressing the wrong buttons on the so much app and buttons, thus losing money. In other word negative emotions may come from imagination or physical experiences.Number of previous studies found that 19 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS anxiety had a significantly negative influence on information system adoption (Compeau et al. , 1999; McFarland and Hamilton, 2006). In another study handling and understanding smart phone refers to individual assessment of their ability to perform a specific task while using their smart phone. Several studies have found that emotions can constraint people from performing skillfully. In other words people who feel anxiety gives a negative effect on one are perceived understandability thus, creating dissatisfaction (Compeau et al. 1999; Fagan et al. , 2003). Several researchers examined that the greater the user understand and capability belief will lead to the greater the user’s intrinsic motivation (Compeau and Higgins, 1995; Deng et al. , 2004). In addition, a person can also have believes, that an action surely has a reaction, but if a person has entertain serious doubts about whether they can perform the necessary activities. Information about outcomes does not influence of their behavior, it is also necessary to understand the impact of one’s perceived level of skillfulness, under stability on the expectations of the smart phones (1977, p. 93 ) 20 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 2. 4 – Enjoyment In this current age Smartphones are playing a vital role in society. Application as touch and voice activated or, multiple apps have been developed for various purposes, catering work and enjoyment. Apps allow a person to shop, read, play games, listen music, send and share information, photos and stay virtually connected with all of our family and friends.The available apps that been cater for use is extends beyond of the limits of our imagination, which most also use smartphones as mindless distraction to idle time away. (Lynn, 2012) The effect of enjoyment/ fun could not be overruled in smart phone using especially for students. Different concepts have been used to explain the importance of student emotions in adoption of smart phones Fun (Pagani, 2004) Enjoyment (Curran and Meuter, 2007), and Perceived Enjoyment (Nysveen, 2005), According to Kim (2008) enjoyment is a very impor tant predictor of the adoption of smartphone.This opinion agreed by (Fang et al, 2005) who found the perceived fun influences student and customers’ attitude but only for gaming tasks. Meanwhile, the effect of fun was found not to be so important for general and important business task. (Bruner, 2005) continue to say that fun is positively influenced by ease of use and that has been even more important effect on the attitude toward the act that usefulness. This opinion have been supported by (Curran, 2007) who says enjoyment is more important than utility. 21 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSIn other research, when it comes to banking context (Hong et al, 2008) experimented smartphones usage and came to conclusion that enjoyment plays a big part in attitude towards the context using of smart phones information services and entertainment services. In addition, (Dabholkar, 2002) continue to say enjoyment can be said that fun can be foreru nner to attitude. In same meaning (Verkasalo, 2008) says that enjoyment has a clear positive effect on attitude towards usage of smartphones, as tested ranging from e-mailing to instant messaging.Besides that, (Nysveen et al, 2005) portrayed that enjoyment is a vital determinant which can create satisfaction of users especially students in using smart phones. The report goes on to say that enjoyment is really strong determinant of intentions to use for female than males (Pagani, 2004) In addition, (Pagani, 2004) create a model where enjoyment is a really an important factor towards satisfaction in using smart phones. Moreover, for students it is really vital to have enjoyment in life. 22 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 2. Ease of use In this current world, time become so limited where people using time as good as possible, due to that, students have very high urge for convenience where they are able to use their smartphones any time, any pla ce (Genova, 2010). Since there are great revival in mobile revolution, the smart phones is now portable, it is tied to individuals not one place (Holub et al, 2010). In (Lu, 2009) report says that consumers can perform smartphones transaction in very bizarre circumstances which have severe time constraints, such as, waiting for friend or waiting for traffic unlike eskstop and laptop place in home or one certain place. This indirectly makes users to become highly dependent on smartphones to get information’s, by browsing and clicking to access their smartphones wherever they are such as, relax at home, travel overseas and so on (Genova, 2010). According to (Stephen, 2009) normal mobile phone and laptops is included for consumer’s convenience and the functions increase the rate and satisfaction of the users especially students (Hahn, 2010). In other view, Social is very important factor in life, what is the use one has everything but don’t have a relationship.Acco rding to (Tikkanen, 2009) research Social needs interactions between individual, friends, family, group members as clubs, churches and so on. This needs certainly increases dependency on students and users on smartphones unconsciously gives satisfaction for users. It also allows user to be more versatile and increased usage for communication and maintaining relationships between and among individuals (Lippincott, 2010). 23 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSAccording to (Wei, 2006) research, it been said that user who are using smartphones are high involved in social needs and people who are needed social dependence easily discovered. Since, interaction or social networking has been included in smartphones it brings a lot of changes in social hike up (Morgan, 2010). The norm of keeping in touch with existing group of friends and contact especially students, create a chance for them to meet offline and encourages more engagement with peers and co me up with beneficial idea of organizing charity and so on.Social network such twitter and Facebook pave ways for students to engage in activity as such (Raskin, 2006). Smart phones encourage users especially students to satisfy their needs, and they are able to connect with peers through social networking sites any time anywhere, which create satisfaction for students (Bridges et al, 2010). It can be said that smartphones are really vital and important mediator between satisfaction and ease of use everywhere and anytime (Wei, 2006). 24 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS . 6 – Conceptual Frameworks Usefulness Understandability Students’ Satisfaction Enjoyment Ease of Use 2. 7 – Summary This chapter comprises of usefulness, understandability, enjoyment and ease of use of smart phones towards satisfaction and it believed and proved the independent variable and dependent variable goes in hand in hand. It also contains conceptu al framework to support. And literature reviews do support positively towards the research proposed. 25 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSCHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3. 0 – Introduction Research methodology can be said as searching for knowledge and it is narrowed down to a certain topic, subject and title using a scientific and systematic manner. it is a way to solve problem systematically (Dr. Kothari, 2008). The main purpose why the research has been done is to determine whether the factors are affecting the satisfaction of smartphones among students. In order to test the hypothesis mentioned in chapter 2: literature review, a set of self-administered questions were developed.The main objective of this research is to study the students’ perception towards smartphones satisfaction, the targeted population would be mainly those students in SEGI University who using smartphones. This chapter discusses the samples, sampling frame, data collection methods and statistical techniques 26 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 1 – Research Design Research design is basically about how this research have been done, its plan or structure which involves identifying the problem, then gather data’s and lastly analyze and gain results there are lot of type of design to the research.Researcher have chosen the cross sectional design which involves to collect a collection of data on more than one case at one particular time frame. This is to collect a group of quantitative or quantifiable data related with variables. Where, researcher uses to analyze, understand the relationships and pattern. 250 questionnaire forms were collected from respondents via convenience method and snowball method. This study is only utilized quantitative research design. Researcher will analyze the score and result to know whether the variables do match the satisfaction for smart phones users. . 2 â €“ Research Methodology Research methodology is basically about the method researcher used, either qualitative or quantitative. In this research quantitative been used, Quantitative method is a about group of data been collected using inferential approach which means the survey is based research where certain amount of sample of population is used to conduct the survey. This research uses questionnaires and the usually the information gained will be similar as it is been standardized.This is because every respondent who participate in this research are required to answer the same exact question. The survey data was collected using online survey tool which is ‘Google document, and also through paper handouts. 27 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 3 – Questionnaire design The survey instrument used in this research is questionnaires where about two hundred (sets of questionnaire have been distributed to students in SEGI Univer sity and all the people in my Facebook friend list all over Klang Valley to get their responds accordingly.The questionnaires are to analyze and research few main factors which can effect satisfaction of smartphones among students: 1) Usefulness 2) Understandability 3) Enjoyment 4) Ease of use 5) Satisfaction In this questionnaire there are two section named as 1 and 2. The 1 section is mainly about demographic details which are designed to collect information on demographic details. (I. e. Gender, Age, highest qualification, smart phones brand). On the other hand, the second section is factor analysis. In this section there are 5 divisions which consist of usefulness, understandability, enjoyment, ease of use and satisfaction.The first division is usefulness. This division is created to measure the This usefulness of smartphones towards satisfaction as per respondents view. division has four statements that address this. Respondents were asked to rate the 28 A STUDY ON THE DETERMIN ANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS agreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) The second division is Understandability. This division is created to measure the understandability towards satisfaction.This division has four statements that address this. Respondents were asked to rate the agreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) The third division is enjoyment. This division is created to measure the enjoyment towards satisfaction. This division has four statements that address this. Respondents were asked to rate the agreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) The fourth division is Ease of Use. This division is created to measure the ease of use towards satisfaction.This division has four statements that address this. Respondents were asked to rate the agreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disa gree (5) The fifth division is satisfaction. This division is created to measure the overall satisfaction on smart phones from the respondents. This division has three statements and one statement will be chosen. 29 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 4 -Samples The method that been performed is quantitative research method. As in this case survey.Cross sectional survey is done to gather information about usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment and understandability towards satisfaction among smart phones user. Below are criteria of potential sample. 1) Inclusion criteria a) Students aged between 19 and 25 years old in SEGI College in Malaysia were included. b) Students who are able to read and write in English language. c) Students with smart phones 2) Exclusion criteria a) Only students are allowed to participate in this research. b) Students who are unable to read and write in English language. c) Students who don’t own Smart phones. 0 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 5 – Sampling frame A total of two hundred fifty (250) questionnaires been distributed to the students within SEGI College as for data collection; in order to measure the respondents in different aspects to reach my research objective. The sampling method that is used is non-probability method. On-probability sampling can be narrowed down to two methods which are: convenience, snowball sampling (Babbie, 2010). As for this study, convenience sampling is used as it is easy to perform. 3. – Data collection methods Primary data type is used where questionnaires survey is done for data collection. Once all data is gathered, it been analyzed according to the objective of this research. Other than that, operationalization can be used as way to measure too as it defined where the variable is measured by explaining the process of defining each variable, as guidance in order to make consistent measurement s. (Le Roy, 2008). This research sampling was conducted in SEGI University for Data collection, due to time, distance and communication barriers, it was not practical to conduct the survey in large scale.A total of two-hundred and fifty (250) sets of questionnaires were distributed through online and also handouts, however only about two-hundred (200) responses were received. 31 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 7 – Statistical techniques Questionnaires which have been collected after answered had been analyzed using SPSS analysis. This software is computer based software which is designed specifically for statistical analysis. In this software there are two models which are linear and no linear where linear model can make accurate analysis and reliable conclusion.Meanwhile, non- linear model is to improve the accuracy of prediction made. This SPSS software can run two tests first multiple regressions and simple regression compare me ans and reliability of the research. As for this study, IBM SPSS Statistic version 20. 0 is used to code and analyze the collected data. Respondents were questioned on the factors that determine their satisfaction on smart phones. A descriptive statistics that includes simple frequencies means and also percentages were computed using the demographic details from the respondents (i. e. gender, age and qualification), system.Moreover to test the hypothesis for each factor, statistical method such as Correlation was used. 32 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 8 – Pilot Test Pilot test is considered as an experiment in small scale to check the questionnaire reliability and validity for bigger scale. This test usually will be performed to identify the problem with materials and methods, so it can be corrected before proceeding. Pilot test is an important test to feasibility and usefulness of the research method used to collect information. As for this Research, (20) sets of questionnaire been distributed to check the reliability and validity of prepared question. The data have been collected and analyses using reliability test to indicate the reliability and validity of the question and below are the result for section 2: part 1 – part 5 Pilot test / Reliability Table 3. 8. 1 – Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases Excluded a Total 20 0 20 % 100. 0 . 0 100. 0 a. List wise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. Table 3. 8. 2 – Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha . 976 N of Items 17 33 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSThe table above 3. 8. 1 till 3. 8. 2 shows that there are really good internal consistency. The rate of 0. 976 in table 3. 8. 2 proved that this questionnaire is reliable enough to use these items to conduct the survey. 3. 9 – Limitation There are a lot of limitations, in this research one of it is the title is too narrow, i t is only for students. Since the respondents are full of students it makes enjoyment and entertainment looked as much more important than any other variables. It’s believed those different age groups have a different kind of importance and likeness.Time constraint, as this is the final semester and there a four other exam and assignment besides this research makes it harder. Besides that, there are limitations in respondents answer as well; this is because respondents might not answer the question honestly as they might have this attitude of reluctance to reveal certain information that might be personal. Respondents are more likely to manipulate their answers to look smart, just be nice by providing a positive answer or afraid being judge by researcher for their answer. This is certainly will be not reliable for the research.Besides that, people who don’t use smartphones also became a limitation as it’s hard to classify them. Other than that, respondents might not have the time for answering the questionnaire as they are rushing for their own agenda. 3. 9 A Summary In nutshell, this chapter comprises of Introduction, samples, sampling frame, data collection and statistical analysis. This has to be done to perform the research. 34 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS 4. 1 – Introduction This chapter is about analyzing, rate of response, reliability, demographic details and Factor analysis. . 2 – Rate of Response Off the 250 questionnaires that were distributed, 50 of the surveys were deemed invalid due to incomplete questionnaire. By the end of the study, 200 questionnaires were completed and used for analysis purposes, for a response rate of 80% Table 4. 2. 1 Reliability for 200 sets Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases Excluded a Total 200 0 200 % 100. 0 . 0 100. 0 a. List wise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. Tabel 4. 2. 2 Reliability Statisti cs Cronbach's Alpha . 976 N of Items 17 35 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS . 3 – Demographic details Table 4. 3. 1 Gender: Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Male 80 40. 0 60. 0 100. 0 40. 0 60. 0 100. 0 40. 0 100. 0 Valid Female 120 Total 200 Diagram 4. 3. 1 Gender 36 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS The percentage rate of male students’ respondents and female students’ respondents are 40% (80) participants and 60% (120) respectively. This shows that there are more female respondents for this study compare to male respondents, which can also indicate that there are more female smart phone user than male users.Table 4. 3. 2. Education: Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent SPM STPM 30 10 15. 0 5. 0 5. 0 25. 0 50. 0 100. 0 15. 0 5. 0 5. 0 25. 0 50. 0 100. 0 15. 0 20. 0 25. 0 50. 0 100. 0 A- Level 10 Valid Diploma 50 Degree Total 100 200 37 A STUDY ON TH E DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Diagram 4. 3. 2 Education In education you can see As for the highest qualification, the students with a Bachelor Degree shows the highest rate of 50 % which can mean that they will affect the largest part of the research compare to the other students.Those with a secondary level education show a rate of only 20%, whereas those with certificate / A-Levels / Foundation or equivalent and Diploma / Equivalent show a rate of 5% and 25% respectively. This also can mean that students with higher qualification are more aware and satisfy with the smartphones they have. 38 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Table 4. 3. 3 Field of study Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Business 60 30. 0 70. 0 100. 0 30. 0 70. 0 100. 0 30. 0 100. 0 Valid Non-Business 140 Total 200 39 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSDiagram 4. 3. 4 Meanwhile, Field of stu dy separated between business and Non business it shows 70% of participants are 70% and 30% were Business students. Table 4. 3. 4 Brand Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent 15. 0 20. 0 30. 0 65. 0 80. 0 100. 0 Iphone Blackberry HTC Valid Samsung Nokia Sony Erricson Total 30 10 20 70 30 40 200 15. 0 5. 0 10. 0 35. 0 15. 0 20. 0 100. 0 15. 0 5. 0 10. 0 35. 0 15. 0 20. 0 100. 0 40 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Diagram 4. 3. 5 Brand As for brand, a total of seven types of phone brands were given.The first highest is Samsung with 35% second will be Sony Erricson with 20%. The third will be I phone and Nokia which share 15% respectively fourth HTC with 10% and lastly blackberry with 5%. 41 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 3. 5 Age analysis Descriptive Statistics N Age Range Minimum Maximum Mean 18. 00 30. 00 Std. Deviation 200 12. 00 22. 1000 2. 70678 Valid N (listwise) 200 As for age, th e minimum is 18 and maximum will be 30 and all of them are students. 4. 4 – Factor analysis Abbreviation used: Usefulness = U, Understandability = UD, Enjoyment = E, Ease of use = EU, Satisfaction = S 4. . 1 Findings and analysis of the relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction of smart phones among students. In this section of study, the relationship between the perceived usefulness and satisfaction of smart phones among students is determined to confirm the following hypotheses: H1: There is no significant relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction H2: There is a significant relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction In order to analyze the relationship between usefulness and satisfaction of smartphones among students, the correlations test was carried out. 2 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Correlations Average_U Pearson 1 Correlation Average_U Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson . 462** Correl ation Average_Satisfaction Sig. (2-tailed) . 000 N 200 200 1 200 . 000 200 . 462** Average_Satisfaction **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). Table 4. 4. 1: Correlation test on the relationship between the perceived usefulness and satisfaction of smart phones among students. The correlation test was used to determine the significance of hypotheses.The results are presented as above. The p-values of 0. 000 and 0. 000 shows that usefulness and satisfaction on smart phones among students are related, the test shows a relationship between usefulness and satisfaction on smart phones among students. Therefore hypothesis H1 is rejected since hypothesis H2 is proved to be accepted as there is a significant relationship between usefulness and satisfaction on Smartphones among students. 43 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 4. Findings and analysis of the relationship between understandability and satisfaction of smart phones a mong students In this section of study, the relationship between the understandability and satisfaction of smart phones among students is determined to confirm the following hypotheses: H1: There is no significant relationship between understandability and satisfaction H2: There is a significant relationship between understandability and satisfaction In order to analyze the relationship between understandability and satisfaction of smartphones among students, the correlations test was carried out Correlations Average_Satisfaction Pearson 1 Correlation Average_Satisfaction Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson . 718** Correlation Average_UD Sig. (2-tailed) N . 000 200 200 1 200 . 000 200 Average_UD . 718** **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). Table 4. 4. : Correlation test on the relationship between the understandability and satisfaction of smart phones among students. 44 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS The correlation test was used to determine the significance of hypotheses. The results are presented as above. The p-values of 0. 000 and 0. 000 shows that understandability and satisfaction on smart phones among students are related, the test shows a relationship between understandability and satisfaction on smart phones among students. Therefore hypothesis H1 is rejected since hypothesis H2 is proved to be accepted as there is a significant relationship between understandability and satisfaction on Smartphones among students. 4. 4. Findings and analysis of the relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction of smart phones among students In this section of study, the relationship between the enjoyment and satisfaction of smart phones among students is determined to confirm the following hypotheses: H1: There is no significant relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction H2: There is a significant relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction In order to analyze the relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction of smartphones among students, the correlations test was carried out 45 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Correlations Average_Satisfaction Pearson 1 Correlation Average_Satisfaction Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson . 756** Correlation Average_E Sig. (2-tailed) N . 000 200 200 1 200 . 000 200 . 756** Average_E **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). Table 4. 4. 3: Correlation test on the relationship between the enjoyment and satisfaction of smart phones among students.The correlation test was used to determine the significance of hypotheses. The results are presented as above. The p-values of 0. 000 and 0. 000 shows that enjoyment and satisfaction on smart phones among students are related, the test shows a relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction on smart phones among students. Therefore hypothesis H1 is rejected since hypothesis H2 is proved to be accepted as there is a significant relationship between enj oyment and satisfaction on Smartphones among students. 46 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 4. 4 Findings and analysis of the relationship between ease of use and satisfaction of smart phones among studentsIn this section of study, the relationship between the ease of use and satisfaction of smart phones among students is determined to confirm the following hypotheses: H1: There is no significant relationship between ease of use and satisfaction H2: There is a significant relationship between ease of use and satisfaction In order to analyze the relationship between ease of use and satisfaction of smartphones among students, the correlations test was carried out 47 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Correlations Average Satisfaction Pearson 1 Correlation Average_Satisfaction Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson . 865** Correlation Average_EU Sig. (2-tailed) N . 000 200 200 1 200 . 000 200 . 865** Average_EU **. Co rrelation is significant at the 0. 1 level (2-tailed). Table 4. 4. 4: Correlation test on the relationship between the understandability and satisfaction of smart phones among students. The correlation test was used to determine the significance of hypotheses. The results are presented as above. The p-values of 0. 000 and 0. 000 shows that ease of use and satisfaction on smart phones among students are related, the test shows a relationship between ease of use and satisfaction on smart phones among students. Therefore hypothesis H1 is rejected since hypothesis H2 is proved to be accepted as there is a significant relationship between ease of use and satisfaction on Smartphones among students. 48A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 5 Regression: To find out the strongest and most influenced determinant to attain satisfaction, a regression test is used. This linear regression in the table below shows that, ease of use have a high R value compare to other variable which is 0. 865. It also means that ease of use plays a vital role in satisfaction among students. 49 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Correlations Average Averag _Satisfac e_U tion Average_Satisfaction Pearso Average_U n Average_UD Correlat Average_E ion Average_EU Average_Satisfaction Average_U Sig. 1Average_UD tailed) Average_E Average_EU Average_Satisfaction Average_U N Average_UD Average_E Average_EU . 000 . 000 200 200 200 200 200 . 000 . 000 200 200 200 200 200 . 000 . 000 200 200 200 200 200 . .000 200 200 200 200 200 . 000 . 200 200 200 200 200 . 000 . 000 . .000 . 000 . 865 . .000 . 769 . 000 . .910 . 000 . 000 . 908 . 000 . 000 1. 000 . 000 . 000 . 756 . 840 . 938 1. 000 . 908 . 718 . 853 1. 000 . 938 . 910 . 462 1. 000 . 853 . 840 . 769 1. 000 . 462 . 718 . 756 . 865 Average _UD Averag e_E Average _EU Table 4. 5 50 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 6 Summary These chapt ers consisted of rate of response, reliability test, test on demographic and factor analysis. 51A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION 5. 1 – Introduction This chapter includes Conclusion, recommendation and Reflection. 5. 2 – Conclusion The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of satisfaction on smart phones among students. There are four factors used in this study to find out whether it can obtain satisfaction towards the students. This research were extracted from various existing articles which are perceived usefulness of smartphones, perceived enjoyment that smartphones provide, perceived understandability, perceived ease of use towards satisfaction of smartphones among students.Based on the survey done on the four determinants towards satisfaction, the result shows a significant relationship between all of them, which conclude that, this, four determinant is important for satisfa ction on smartphones among students. 5. 3 – Recommendation In this research, targeted samples were taken randomly from people who research see, and know. Therefore in future researcher may expand their research throughout Malaysia bigger sample size from all kind of class as from students to working adults should be taken for much bigger picture Secondly, this research is focused on determinant of satisfaction among students so in future researcher can study in detailed the other factors which can help to raise satisfaction.Lastly, a detailed research on the comparison between the users and non-users of smart phones can be done to determine the image and expectancy of users. 52 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 5. 4 – Reflection Reflection basically means the act of reflecting or the state of being reflected, it can be also telling out what a researcher have gone through for months he takes up this research. Researchers have take n up the title Determinant of satisfaction of smart phones among students. This is because researcher had a deep interest in smart phones and always had a curiosity how to get to know and expand the knowledge in this section.This research personally have enlighten researcher in and out of smartphones through the reading of articles, it also have enlighten researcher with social perception and motive of users. The process of undertaking the project dint deviates in any way compare to proposal. Researchers have planned earlier for proposal itself and it just needed to expand it. Supervisor was really helpful in a way to gives more ideas to expand the literature reviews and matter which comes with it. The only thing that deviates from proposal is more word counts and vast information on smartphones. Researchers have included more information’s on satisfaction and its relevance to users, business and corporate who might use it. Research project have a certain process and flow pro cess as follows.Firstly, Identification of research problem is to determine the determinants to attain satisfaction in this process researcher learned that it is important to identify the problem in a situation. Secondly, problem and statement objective, in this process researcher learn to state the problem and objective of certain problem not only think about it. Thirdly, research question, in this process learn to ask a proper and relevant question for the problem to get a conclusion. Fourthly, literature review in this process researcher learn to use previous or past examples that related to the problem as reference and move in to the goal. Fifthly, quantitative research 53 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS ethods, in this process researcher have learned to find a proper channel to calculate and analyze the problems. Sixthly, survey instruments, in this process researcher have learn to communicate to users or people who related to study wit hout being ask a lot of wrong questions. A proper questionnaire is a good answer. Seventhly, pilot test, in this process researcher have learn that even been assumed a proper question have been readied mistakes are there, correction is needed for perfection. Next, data collection, in this process researcher have learn that there a lot of way to communicate with person and media and surveys are one and relevant. Lastly, data analysis, in this researcher learned that there are always results for good or bad.And in this research it is good. There are a lot of limitations in this research, one of the main one is limitation on topic to student, the reason why researcher find this can be limitation is because, students are mostly prone to enjoyment and playing games, this might be a big change in the research perception. If in future researcher want to differently, researcher may expand the sample size to more than 500 samples and researcher would increase the class size from students to many other classes. This study can be helpful for all phones industry and it’s easier to get a large picture of users’ needs in smartphones and sustainability of smartphone industry. 5. – Summary These chapters have included Conclusion, Recommendation and Reflection. 54 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS APPENDIX A: GANTT CHART OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 2012 Activities /Month Research details Coordination with Relevant agencies and Parties Literature Review Questionnaire Design Pilot Testing Revision of questionnaires Selection of respondents Administration of Survey Data Analysis Report Writing Dissemination of draft for discussion Dissemination Report of final Topic/relevant April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 55 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSAPPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRES Hi, my name is Emmanuel A/L Panpalan (SCM-013826), currently studying Bachelor of Accounting and Finance of Te esside University in SEGi University, Kota Damansara. I am conducting a research project to fulfill requirements for my Final year Thesis. The research is STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS. Your individual response will be kept private and confidential. My report will reveal group findings for academic presentations and publications only. Your participation in this study will contribute further to the field of communication in Malaysia. Thank you for participating in this research project.Background Instruction: Answer all questions Section 1 1. Gender: Male / Female 2. Age ______ 3. What is the highest education level you have completed? (Tick one only) o SPM o STPM o A-Level o Diploma 56 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS o Degree o Post-graduate 4. What is your major field of study? o Business o Non Business 5. What brand of smart phone do you use (Tick one only) o iPhone o Blackberry o HTC o Samsung o N okia o LG o Sony Ericsson 57 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Answer all questions Section 2 Factor Analysis Circle the number in the box provided for most appropriate response.Only ONE number needs to be circled for each question. Please answer ALL the questions in SECTION 2 according to the scale as below: Strongly Disagree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Disagree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Neutral†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Agree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Strongly Agree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 1. USEFULLNESS Find the Smartphone application useful 5 in my daily life Using the Smartphone application helps 5 me accomplish things more quickly Using the my Smartphone chances of application 5 achieving 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 improves things I find important I think App store provide the useful 5 4 3 2 1 58 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Smartphone applications 2.UNDERSTABILITY App store clearly provides the classified 5 smart phone application menu App store provides detailed information 5 about the smart phone application App store provides detailed manual 5 about the smart phone application App store provides detailed information 5 about the smart phone application 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 function 3. ENJOYMENT I think it is fun to use Smartphone 5 application 4 3 2 1 I think the process of using Smartphone 5 application would be pleasant I think using Smartphone application 5 would bring me pleasure I enjoy using Smartphone application 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 59 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4.EASE OF USE My interaction with the Smartphone 5 application is clear and understandable Interaction with the Smartphone 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 application does not require a lot of my mental effort I find it easy to get the Smart phone 5 application to do what I want it to do I find the Smartphone application to be 5 easy to use 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 5. SATISFACTION My overall experience of Smartphone 5 application use was very satisfied. 4 3 2 1 ###END### Thank you very much for your participation If you have any additional thoughts, suggestions, questions, or comments, feel free to contact me via email at [email  protected] com 60 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSREFERENCES 1) Hun Choi, Yoo-Jung Choi and Ki-Mun Kim 2012 The Understanding of Building Trust Model on Smartphone Application: Focusing on Users’ Motivation, Viewed 3 October 2012 2) Mark Brownlow, (2012) Smartphone statistics and market share, http://www. email-marketing-reports. com/wireless-mobile/smartphone-statistics. htm Viewed 3 October 2012 3) Anusha Sethuraman, (2011) US Smart phones statistics, http://www. smartonline. com/mobile-2/us-smartphone-statistics-q1-2011-overview/ Viewed on 4 October 2 012 4) Gordon Adams, (2004) Smart phones evaluation, http://inews. berkeley. edu/bcc/Fall2004/smartphones. html, Viewed on October 4, 2012 5) Report withiPhone,http://www. dailytech. om/Apple+Tops+JD+Power+Customer+Satisfactio n+Report+with+iPhone/article22684. htm, Viewed October 1, 2012 5:23 6) Ding Hooi Ting, Suet Fong Lim, Tanusina Siuly Patanmacia, Ca Gie Low, Gay Tiffany Kaiser, (2011) Apple Tops J. 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